¡@
³ü¡B±MÃD³ø¾É
®þºw¦¨¬y¡A²×¬°¦¿ªe¡X EdD Online µoªí·|º[±Ò¥Î¨å§Á¿µü
±ç«í¥¿¡þ³¢¬üÄõ
¡@
®Õªø¡B°Æ®Õªø¡B¤ýÀ]ªø¡B²øÀ]ªø¡B¶À±Mªù©eû¡B¦b®y½Ñ¦ì®vªø¡B½Ñ¦ì±Ð¨|¬Éªº¥ý¶i¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬Éªº¥ý¶i¡B¦U¦ì¶Q»«¡G
¦b³o»ò¤@Ó¥O¤H·P°Ê¡A¥Rº¡·ÅÄɪº³õ¦X¡AÅý§Ú¦³¾÷·|¦b³oùظò¦U¦ì°µ¤@Ó³ø§i¡A¬O§Ú¦b±Ð¾Ç¤§¾l¡A¤Q¤E¦~¨Óªº¦æ¬F¥Í²Pùس̤j¡B³Ì¥úºaªº¤@Ӯɨè¡A§Ú¤ß¤¤¥Rº¡¤F·P¿E¡Cè¤~¡A®Õªø¡BÀ]ªø¡B±Ð¨|³¡ªº¶À±Mªù©eû¹ï©ó§ÚÌ®v¤jªº¹L¥h¥H¤Î¥¼¨Óµo®iµ¹¤©«Ü¤jªº´Á³\«jÀy¡A¤µ¤Ñ¯à¦³³oÓ¾÷·|Åý§Ú¦b³oùؤu§@¡AÓ¤H²`²`·P¨ü¨ì«e¤HºØ¾ð¡A«á¤H¼²DªºÅé·|¡C®ÕªøÅý§Ú¤@Ó§¹¥þ«D¹Ï®ÑÀ]I´ºªº¤H¡A©~µM¨ì³oùبӤu§@¡A¹ï§ÚªºÀ£¤O¬O«D±`ªº¤j¡A¦ý¬O¹ï§Ú¨ÓÁ¿¡A«o¬O¤@ӫܦnªº¾Ç²ß¾÷·|¡C®v¤j¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦Û¤ýÀ]ªø¥H¨Ó¡A§Ú¬O²Ä¤E¥ôªºÀ]ªø¡A¦b¹L¥h¤K¦ìÀ]ªøªº§V¤O¤§¤U¡A®v½d¤j¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¸gÀç¡A¦b°ê¤º¥~¤w¦³«Ü°ªªºª¾¦W«×¡A¤µ¤Ñ¹ï©ó³oӥѮv¤j¹Ï®ÑÀ]³Wµeªº¸ê®Æ®w§¹¦¨ÂX«Ø¡Aèè´X¦ì¶Q»«³£µ¹¤©«Ü¤jªº´Á³\¡A§ÚÌ·|Ä~Äò§V¤O¡A¨Ï¨ä§ó¿²§¹µ½¡C
¥H¤U®e³\§Ú´N°õ¦æ±Ð¨|½×¤å½u¤W¸ê®Æ®w¡]EdD Online¡^ªºµo®i¾úµ{°µ¤@Ó²³æªº»¡©ú¡C±q½t°_¡B¸ê®Æ®w«Ø¸m¤Îµo®i¤§µ¦²¤¡B¸ê®Æ®w¨t²Î©R¦W¤§¥Ñ¨Ó¡A§ÚÂk¯Ç¬°¤TÂI³ø§i¡C
½t¡@¡@°_
·í§Úè±µ¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¤u§@®É¡A´N»P§Ú̹ϮÑÀ]ªº¦P¤¯¨ú±o¦@ÃÑ¡AÀHµÛºô»Úºô¸ô¥H¤Î°ê¤º¥~¸ê®Æ®wªºµo®i¡A§ÚÌ즳ªº¸ê®Æ®w¨t²Î»ÝnÂ૬¡C¸Ó¦p¦óÂ૬¡A§ÚÌ´¿·Q¹L¤TºØ¤è¦¡¡C²Ä¤@ºØ¤è¦¡¡A´N¬O©M°ê¥ß±Ð¨|¸ê®ÆÀ]¦X§@¡Aìpµe«ô³X¤òÀ]ªø¡B¥H¤Î¬x¥D¥ô¡A«o±o¬x¥D¥ô¿ËÁ{¥»À]¨Ó«ü¾É¡A«á¨Ó¦]¬°¹wºâ©M¨ä¥LºØºØ°ÝÃD¨S¦³¹F¦¨¡C§Ú̪ì¨Bºc·Q´N¦³¦Ò¼{¨ì¸ê·½¾ã¦Xªº°ÝÃD¡AÁö¨S¹F¦¨¦X§@¡A§ÚÌ·|Ä~Äò§V¤O¡C±µµÛ¡A¬Ý¨ì°ê®a¹Ï®ÑÀ]³Ìªñ´X¦~¨Ó¯à±N¦hºØ¤£¦Pªº¸ê®Æ®w¾ã¦X¡Aµo®i¬°»·¶Z¹Ï®ÑªA°È¨t²Î¡A§ÚÌ«D±`·q¨Ø¡A¦ý¬O³oºØ¤è¦¡»Ýn«Ü¤jªº¸g¶O¡C°ê®a¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¼Ò¦¡¬O¨«¦V»P¸ê°T¤½¥q¦X§@¡A§Ṳ́]¦Ò¼{¨ì³oºØ¤è¦¡ªº¥i¦æ©Ê¡A³o¬O§Ú̦Ҽ{ªº²Ä¤GºØ¤è¦¡¡C«á¨Ó¦Ò¼{¨ì®v½d°|®Õ¦³¨ä¥i¥H¾ã¦Xªº¯S®í©Ê¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥HÀ®Ä¬ü°êERICªº¤è¦¡¡A±N¤Q¤G©Ò®v½d°|®Õµø¬°¤Q¤GÓ¸ê°T¥æ´«¤¤¤ß¡CªÃ«ùµÛ³oÓ²z©À¡A§Ú̦b¤K¤Q¤K¦~¤Q¤G¤ë¤G¤Q¤G¤é®v½d°|®Õ¹Ï®ÑÀ]·~°È¬ã°Q·|¤¤´£¥X¤Q¤G©Ò®v½d°|®Õ¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦@¦P¦X§@«Ø¸m±Ð¨|¸ê®Æ®wªººc·Q¡AÀò±o¤j®aªº»{¦P¡A¯S§O·PÁ±Ш|³¡¶À±Mªù©eû±qÀY¨ì§À¤ä«ù¨ì²{¦b¡A¤×¨ä¦b¸g¶O§xÃøªº±¡§Î¤U¡A¨ä¶¡¸g¹L¦h¦¸¤½¤å©¹ªð¡A¥þ±o¶À±Mªù©eûªº·¾³q»P¨ó½Õ¡A¤~¯à¶¶§Q¸Ñ¨M¡C³oÓ¸ê®Æ®wªº½Ï¥Í¡A¶À±Mªù©eû©~¥\³Ö°¶¡Aȱo§Ú̹ª´xÁÂÁ¡Iè¤~¶À±Mªù©eû¤S©Ó¿ÕnÄ~Äò¸É§U§ÚÌ¡A©Ò¥H§ÚÌ¥¼¨Óªºµo®i¬OµLªº¼e¼s¡A¤µ¤Ñ³o¬O¤@Ó¶}©l¡A¨Ã¤£¬Oµ²§ô¡A¥H«á¦p¦ó°µ¡A§Ṳ́w¦³¦Ò¼{¡C¥H¤W²Ä¤@ÂI³ø§i¡A¤D´N±Ð¨|¸ê®Æ®wµo®iªº¨ÓÀs¥h¯ß¡A¦V¦U¦ì¹Å»«°µÂ²³æ³ø§i¡C
¸ê®Æ®w«Ø¸m¤Îµo®i¤§µ¦²¤
§Ú̫ظm³oÓ¸ê®Æ®w¬O°Ñ°u¥Ø«e°ê¤º¥~ªº¸ê®Æ®wªº¯S¦â¡A¦b§Ú̲{¦³ªº¤H¤O¡B¸g¶O¤§¤U¡A¦p¦ó¨Ó¹B§@¡A©Ò¥H§Ú̦³´XÓ¶i¦æªºµ¦²¤¡Cº¥ý¡A¦pªGn±N¸ê®Æ®w«Ø¸m¦b§ÚÌ®v½d¤j¾Ç¡A¥H®v½d¤j¾Ç¬°¤¤¤ß¡A§ÚÌ´N±o¥ý§ïµ½§Ú̪º¨t²Î³]³Æ¡A©Ò¥H§Ú̪§¨ú¾Ç®Õªº¸g¶O¡A±N¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªººô¸ôÀW¼eµ¥µ¥¬ÛÃö°t³Æ¥ý°µ§ïµ½¡AÅý§Ú̹B§@¤W¤~¦³¥i¯à¡A³o¬O¦bµo®i¸ê®Æ®w·í¤¤ºnªº°t¦X±¹¬I¡C
±µµÛ¡A§Ų́M©wn¨«¦X§@ªº¼Ò¦¡¡A¤j®a¤À¤u¨Ó§ä¸ê·½¡A¦³¨Ç´Á¥Z¡A¦³¨Ç¥¼µoªíªº½×¤å¡Aµ¥µ¥¦³¥Îªº¸ê·½¡A¥u¾a¥»®Õ¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¤H¤O¸ê·½¬O¤£°÷ªº¡A¦pªG¤Q¤G©Ò®v½d°|®Õ¯à°÷¦@¦P¨Ó¾ã¦X¡A¤j®a¤À¤u¦X§@ªº¤è¦¡¡A±N¬O¤@Ó«D±`¦nªº¶}©l¡C¥]¬A§@ªÌ±ÂÅv¡A³o¬O©Ò¦³ºô»Úºô¸ô©M½u¤W¸ê®Æ®w³Ì¤jªº§xÃø¡AÄ´¦p¥i¯à§Ṳ́£»{ÃÑ¥xªF®v°|ªº¦Ñ®v¡A¥i¬O¥xªF®v°|¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¦P¤¯»{ÃÑ¡A¤j®a¤ÀÀY¿ì²z±ÂÅv¡A©Ò¥H±ÂÅv°ÝÃD´N«Ü®e©ö¸Ñ¨M¡A²{¦b¤w¦³¤K¦Ê¦h¦ì§@ªÌ±ÂÅv¡A§Ú̪º¸ê®Æ®w¦]¦¹¦Ó§ó¦³¶}®i©Ê¡A³o¬O²Ä¤GÓµ¦²¤¡C
¥t¥~¡A§ÚÌn¦³±M·~¤Æªºn¨D¡C§Ú̹L¥h¡A±q¯Á¤Þ¨ìºKn¡A³£¬OÀ]¤ºÀ]û¤£p¥N»ù¡B¨¯³Ò¦Û¤v¨Ó¼¶¼g¡A¥i¬OÀHµÛ²{¦bªA°Èªº«~½è¡B¥\¯àªº»Ý¨D¡A¦b¦U¬ì±M·~¤W¦³©Ò¤£¨¬¡An¦p¦ó´£¤É¥¦¡A°£¤F¥þ¤å¸ê®Æªº´£¨Ñ¥~¡A¦bºKn³¡¤À¤]n¦³§ó°ªªº«~½è¡A©Ò¥H§ÚÌ«ö·Ó¾Çªù¤ÀÃþ¡A´M¨D¨t©Ò®v¥Íªº¦X§@¡C¨Ò¦p¯S®í±Ð¨|¡B¤u·~±Ð¨|¡B±Ð¨|õ¾Ç¡B±Ð¨|¦æ¬F¡B½Ã¥Í±Ð¨|¡A§ÚÌ´N¦³±Mªùªº¬ã¨s¥Í¡A¥Ñ¦Ñ®v¨Ó±a°Ê³Õ¤h¯Z¡BºÓ¤h¯Zªº¾Ç¥Í¨ÓŪ½×¤å¡A¨Ó¼¶¼gºKn¡A§Ú¬Û«H³o¼Ë·|¤ñ¥Ñ§Ú̪ºÀ]û¦Û¤v¨ÓŪ½×¤å¨Ó¼gºKn¡A§ó²Å¦X±M·~ªºn¨D¡C©Ò¥H³oÓºKnªº¤º®e¬O¸g¹L±M·~ªº¼¶¼g¡AµM«á¥Ñ¥»À]À]¤º¤C¦ì¥DºÞ¨Ó°µ¹Ï®ÑÀ]±M·~ªºÃöÁäµü¥H¤Î®æ¦¡ªº®Õ¹ï¡A§Ú̹ϮÑÀ]¥u°µ³o¤u§@¡A§â±M·~ªº¥æµ¹±M·~¡A¤j®a¦@¦P¹F¦¨«D±`±M·~ªº¤ô·Ç¡A³o¬O²Ä¤TÓµ¦²¤¡C
§ó¶i¤@¨B¡A´N¬On¨Ï³oÓ¸ê®Æ®w¨ã¦³¦h¥\¯àªº¾ã¦X¡CEdD Online¦³¤¤j¥\¯à¡A°£¤F¸ê®Æ®w¬d¸ßÀ˯Á¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¦³À]Âósµ²¬d¸ß¡B±MÃD¿ïºéªA°È¡B¤åÄm¶Ç»¼ªA°È¡B±Ð¨|µü®w¬d¸ßµ¥¦hºØ¥\¯à¡A¨Ã¥Bn¨D¨ã¦³¿Ë©M©Êªº¤¶±³]p¡C§ÚÌ«D±`·PÁ¤jÅM¸ê°T¤½¥qªº°t¦X¡A¦P®É§Ú̽Х»®Õ¸ê°T¨tªº¾Ç¥Í®}¦P¾Ç¨Ó³]p¾ãÓµe±¡AÅý¦~»´¤Hªº³Ð·N¯à°÷ªí²{¦b³oÓ¸ê®Æ®w¤W¡A³o¾ãÓ¤¶±ªº¿Ë©M©Ê¥O¤j®a³£«Ü³ßÅw¥¦¡A³o¬O§ÚÌ©Ò°µªº²Ä¥|Óµ¦²¤¡C
³Ì«á¤@Óµ¦²¤¡A´N¬On¯à¥ÃÄò¸gÀç¡A¦]¬°±Ð¨|³¡¥uµªÀ³µ¹§Ṳ́@¦~ªº¸g¶O¡A§ÚÌn«ç»ò°µ¤U¥h©O¡H§ÚÌ®v½d¤j¾Çn¥ÃÄò¸gÀç©M§O¤HÄ~Äò¦X§@¤U¥h¡A»Ýn¦³°ò¥»ªº¸g¶O¡A«D±`·PÁ®ժøµªÀ³§Ú̧â²Ä¤G¦~¥H«áªº¸g¶O¦C¤J¹wºâ¡C¦b¦¹¡A¥i¥H¦V¦U¦ì¥ý¶i³ø§i¡A§Ṳ́w¸g§ä¨ì¥ÃÄò¸gÀ窺¾÷¨î¡A§Ú¬Û«H¦b§Ú̪º§V¤O¤§¤U¡A³oÓ¸ê®Æ®w¤@©w¥i¥HÄ~ÄòÂX¥R¤U¥h¡C¥H¤W²Ä¤GÂI³ø§i¬O¬°µo®i³oÓ¸ê®Æ®w©Ò·f°tªºµ¦²¤»¡©ú¡C
¸ê®Æ®w¨t²Î©R¦W¤§¥Ñ¨Ó
§Ú̳oÓ¸ê®Æ®w¤@¶}©l¡A´N¬O¥HERIC¬°¨å½d¡C¥ô¦ó¤@Ó¸ê®Æ®w³£À³¸Ó¦³¥¦ªºCIS¡]ÃѧO¨t²Î¡^¡A¦³¥¦«D±`ÅT«Gªº¦WºÙ¡C§ÚÌ°Ñ°u¨ä¥L¸ê®Æ®wªº¦WºÙ¨Ó©R¦W³oÓ¸ê®Æ®w¡A§Ṵ́ѦҹL°ê¥~¤j¾Çªº¸ê®Æ®w¡A¨Ò¦pHarvard¨ú¦W¬°HOLLIS ( The Harvard Online Library Information System)¡FStanford¨ú¦W¬°SOCRATES (Stanford's Online Catalog)¡FIllinois¨ú¦W¬°PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations) system¡FOhio¨ú¦W¬°ALICE¡FIowa¨ú¦W¬°OASIS¡F°ê¤º»OÆW¤j¾Ç«h±N¨ä¹Ï®Ñ¸ê°T¨t²Î¨ú¦W¬°TULIPS(Taiwan University Library Information Processing System)¡F¦Ó§ÚÌ®v½d¤j¾Çì¨Óªº¡u±Ð¨|½×¤åºKnÀ˯Á¨t²Î¡v«hºÙEPLARS(Educational Periodical Literature Abstracts Retrieval System)¡A²{¦b±Ð¨|½×¤å½u¤W¸ê®Æ®w¸Ó¥s¤°»ò©O¡H¦³¤@Óì«h¡A¤£n§ó°Ê¤Ó¤j¡A«e¤HºØ¾ð¡A«á¤H¼²D¡An«O¯d즳ªººë¯«¡A©Ò¥H§ÚÌ´N¥ÎEducational Documents Online¡AEdD Online¡A±Ð¨|³Õ¤h¦b½u¤W¡A½u¤W±Ð¨|³Õ¤h¡A³oÓ¦h¦n¡I¦n¦W¦r¡A¤@©w«ÜÅT«G¡A©MERIC¤£¬Û¤W¤U¡A»¡¤£©w§ó¦n¡C¤£¹L§Ú̦P¤¯»¡EdD¤¤¤åŪµÅܦ¨¡u¤@ºwºw¡v¡A¸ê®Æ®w¸ê®Æ¥u¦³¤@ºwºw«ç»ò¥i¥H¡H¥Ñ¦¹Åý§Ú·Q°_¤@¬q©¹¨Æ¡C¦³¤@¦¸§Ú¨ìStanford¥h°ÑÆ[¡A«ô³X¤@¦ì«D±`¦³¦Wªº±Ð±Â¡B½Òµ{¾ÇªÌProfessor Elliot Eisner¡A¥L¬ã¨s«Çªù¤W±¾¤@ÓµP¤l 1st Grade¡A§Ú«ÜºÃ´b¡A¤@¦~¯Å¡H¥i¬OEisner¦bùر¬°¤°»ò¥s¤@¦~¯Å¡A§ÚªºªB¤Í§i¶D§Ú¡AEisner©Ò¿×ªº1st Grade¬Oªí¥Ü²Ä¤@¬yªº¡A»{¬°¦Û¤v¬O²Ä¤@¯Åªº¡A¬O³Ì³»¯Åªº¡A¦W¦r«ÜÁ¾µê¡A©êt«o«Ü¤j¡A§Ú¬O²Ä¤@¬yªº°ê»Ú¾ÇªÌ¡C¦P¼Ëªº¡A¤@ºwºw¡]Ed D¡^¡A§Ú½¾\¥jÄy¡A¤W¦³°O¸ü¡u®þºw¦¨¬y¡A®þ¬yÁö¹è¡A²×¬°¦¿ªe¡Aºøºø¤£µ´¡C¡v¤@ÂI¤@ºwªº¤p¤ôºw¡A·|Åܦ¨¤@±ø¤pªe¡Aªe¬yÁö¤p¡A²×·|Åܦ¨ªø¦¿¡B¶Àªe¤@¼Ëªº¼e¼s¡Aºøºø¤£µ´¡C§Ú̱Ш|¤u§@ªÌ¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤u§@ªÌ³£¬O¤@ÂI¤@ºwÀqÀq¯Ñ¯Ð¡A§Ú̧⥦·J¾ã°_¨Ó¡AEdD¥H«á´N·|¦¨¬°®e¯Ç¼s³Õªº¸ê®Æ®w¡A¥ô¦ó¤H·Q¨ì±Ð¨|´N§ä§ÚÌ¡A´N¹³·Q¨ì¡u±i¦Ñ®v¡v¥Nªí»²¾É¡A·Q¨ìEdD´N·|·Q¨ì§Ṳ́@ÂI¤@ºw¹ï±Ð¨|¸ê®Æªº¯Ñ¯Ð¡C§Ú¬Û«H¦b§Ú̪º§V¤O¤§¤U¡A¥H¤Î¦b®y±Ð¨|¬É¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬É¶Q»«ªº¤ä«ù¤U¡A¤@ÂI¤@ºw²×¦¨¦¿ªe¡Aºøºø¤£µ´¡IÁÂÁ¤j®a¡I¡]¥DÁ¿ªÌ¬°¥»À]À]ªø¡F°O¿ýªÌ¬°¥»À]¯µ®Ñݤå¾Ç°|¤ÀÀ]¥D¥ô¡^
§õµØ°¶¡þ§õ¤Öºû
³ü¡B«e¨¥
§õ³Õ¤h¶}©v©ú¸q«ü¥X¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦bª¾ÃѺ޲z¡]knowledge management¡^¤¤ªº¨¤¦â¡A¸ê°T¡]Information¡^©Mª¾ÃѪººÞ²zªø¤[¥H¨Ó³Q·í§@¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªººn¾³d¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]û©M¸ê°T±M·~¤Hû¬O¸ê°T©Mª¾ÃѬd¸ß¡B¿ï¾Ü¡BÀò¨ú¡B²Õ´¡BÀx¦s¡B¦A¥]¸Ë¡B¶Ç¼½©M¬°ÅªªÌªA°È¸g¹L°V½mªº±M®a¡C
n¶i¦æª¾ÃѺ޲zªº¦]¯À¦³¤»¡G¡@¬ì¾Ç©M¬ì§Þµo®i¤Î¨ä¥æ¤¬¼vÅTªºµ²ªG³y¦¨¤HÃþª¾ÃѪº§Ö³t¦¨ªø¡F¡@¥Ñ©ó^¯Sºô¡]Internetºô»Úºô¸ô¡^¤Î¸Uºûºô¡]World Wide Web¥þ²y¸ê°Tºô¡^ªº§Ö³tµo®i«P¦¨¹ï©ó¹q¤l¤ÓªÅ¡]cyberspaceºô»ÚªÅ¶¡¡^¤¤¤£Â_¼W¥[ªº¼Æ¦ì¸ê°T¤Îª¾ÃѪº¶Ç»¼©MÀò¨ú¡F¡@»{ÃѨìÅã§Î¡]explicit¡^ª¾ÃÑ©MÁô§Î¡]tacit¡^ª¾Ãѹï¾÷ºcªº«n©Ê¡F¡@±q¡uª¾ÃѬO¤O¶q¡v§ï¬°¡uª¾ÃѦ@¨É¬O¤O¶q¡vªºÆ[©À¡F¡@¦b¤G¤Q¤@¥@¬öªºª¾ÃѮɥN¸Ì¤j¦h¼Æªº°Ó·~¾÷ºc³£ª§¬Û«¥Î¾÷ºcªº¤~´¼¨Ó«OÃÒ¦bÄvª§¤W¦ûÀu¶Õ¡F¡@¹Ï®ÑÀ]û¤£À³¸Ó§¤µøª¾ÃѺ޲zªºµo®i¡A¦Ó¬On¥Î±M·~ª¾ÃÑ©M¸gÅç¥HªZ¸Ë¥R¹ê¦Û¤v¡A§@ª¾ÃѺ޲zªº¾r¶¿ªÌ¡C
¶L¡Bª¾ÃѺ޲z·§©À
¤@¡BÅã§Îª¾ÃÑ»PÁô§Îª¾ÃѪº¤£¦P¤§³B
¡]±Ä¥Î¦ÛJan Duffy¤§©w¸q¡^¡GÅã§Îª¾ÃѬO¸g¹L¤åÄm³B²z¤Î¤½¶}ªº¡Bµ²ºcªº¡B¤º®e©T©wªº¡B¥~¦bªº¤Î¦³·NÃѪº¡FÁô§Îª¾ÃѬOÓ¤Hªº¡B¨S¦³¸g¹L¤åÄm¤Æªºª¾ÃÑ¡F¨ü¤º²[¼vÅTªº¡B¥Ñ°Ê¤O©Ò³Ð³y¤ÎÅX°Êªº¡B¤º³¡¤Æªº¤Î¥H¸gÅ笰°ò¦ªº¡A¸g±`¦s¦b¤Hªº¤j¸£¤¤¡B¦æ¬°¤W¤Î·§©À¸Ì¡C¦Óª¾ÃѺ޲zªº¤º²[¡A¤ñ¸ê°T©M¼Æ¾ÚºÞ²z§ó¼s¡A¨ä½d³ò¥ç¸û¸ê°T§Þ³N§ó¤j¡A¬O±N¦³Ãö¤Î¦³¥Îªºª¾ÃѸg¹L½T©w¡B²Õ´¡B¦X¨Ö¡Bºî¦X©M³Ð³y©Ê¨Ï¥Îªº¹Lµ{¡C
¤G¡Bª¾ÃѺ޲zªº¥Ø¼Ð
n½T«Oª¾ÃѪº²Ö¿n¡]Accumulated¡^¡BÀò¨ú¡]Accessible¡^¡B¾É¯è¡]Navigated¡^¡B¶}µo¡]Developed¡^¡B¦@¨É¡]Shared¡^¡B³Ð·s¡]Renewed and created¡^¡B«O¦s¡]Preserved¡^¡Cª¾Ãѳгy©M¨Ï¥Î¬O±q¼Æ¾Ú¡]Data¡^ÂàÅܬ°¸ê°T¡A¸ê°TÂàÅܬ°ª¾ÃÑ¡A¤Î¥Ñª¾ÃÑÅX°Ê©Ò¤ä«ùªº¤HÃþ¦æ¬°©M¨Mµ¦ªº³sÄò¹Lµ{¡]µù2¡^¡C¼Æ¾Ú¬OÂ÷´²¤£¬ÛÃöªº¨Æ¹ê¡B¤å¦r¡B¼Æ½X¤Î²Å¸¹¡F¸ê°T¬O¸g¹L¿ï¾Ü¡B²Õ´¡B¤ÀªRªº¼Æ¾Ú¡Fª¾ÃѬO»PÓ¤H¯à¤O©M¸gÅçµ²¦Xªº¸ê°T¥Î¨Ó¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃD©Î³Ð·s¡F¦Ó´¼¼z¡]Wisdom¡^«h¬°°ò©óÓ¤H»ùÈ»P«H¥õªº«e¤©Ê¬Ýªk©M«ä·Q¡C¨ä¤¤¸ê°T»Pª¾ÃѪº°Ï§O¡G¸ê°T¬O¦³§Îªº¡B¿W¥ß©ó¦æ°Ê©M¨Mµ¦¡B¸g¹L³B²z§ïÅܧκA¡Bª«½è²£«~¡B»PÀô¹ÒµLÃö¡B®e©öÂàÅý¡B¥i¥H½Æ»s¡Fª¾ÃѬOµL§Îªº¡B»P¦æ°Ê©M¨Mµ¦¬ÛÃö¡B¸g¹L³B²z§ïÅÜ«äºû¡Bºë¯«²£«~¡BÀô¹Ò§ïÅܲ[¸q¡B¸g¹L¾Ç²ß¤~¯àÂàÅý¡BµLªk½Æ»s¡Cª¾ÃÑ¥i§_³QºÞ²z¡H¦³¤H»{¬°ª¾ÃѤ£¥i¥H¥ç¤£À³¸Ó³QºÞ²z¡A¤×¨ä¬O±NºÞ²z·í§@±±¨î¡AµM¦Ó¨ä¥L¤H«o´M¨D¥Îµo®i¹Lµ{ªºÆ[ÂI©w¸qª¾ÃѺ޲z¡F¨Ò¦pJan Duffy±Nª¾ÃѺ޲z©w¸q¬°³q¹L«¥Î²Õ´ªº´¼¼z©M¸gÅç±À°Ê²·sªº¹Lµ{¡]µù3¡^¡C¦Óª¾ÃѺ޲z¨s³º¬O¤°»ò¡HGartner¶°¹Î±Nª¾ÃѺ޲z©w¸q¬°¡G¡]µù4¡^¥H¾ã¦X¤Î¨ó§@¤è¦¡«P¶i¸ê°T¸ê²£ªº³Ð³y¡BÀò±o¡B²Õ´¡B¦s¨ú©M¨Ï¥Î¹Lµ{ªº¾Ç¬ì¡C
¤T¡Bª¾ÃѺ޲zªº¥Dnµ{§Ç
¡]¥ÑP. Galagan´£¥Xªºª¾ÃѺ޲zµ{§Ç¡^¡G¡]µù5¡^¡@³Ð³y·sª¾ÃÑ¡F¡@§Q¥Î±q¥~³¡¸ê·½©ÒÀò±oªºª¾ÃÑ¡F¡@¥Î¤å¥ó¡B¼Æ¾Ú®w¡B³n¥óµ¥§Î¦¡¥Hªí²{ª¾ÃÑ¡F¡@±Nª¾ÃѺ¯³z¨ì¥[¤u¹Lµ{¡B²£«~©ÎªA°È¤§¤¤¡F¡@±N²{¦³ªºª¾ÃѶǹM¾ãÓ²Õ´¡F¡@¦b°µ¨Mµ¦®Én¨Ï¥Î¨ì©Ò¦³¥i¯à±o¨ìªºª¾ÃÑ¡F¡@³q¹L²Õ´¤å¤Æ©M¼úÀy¥H«P¶iª¾ÃѪº¦¨ªø¡F¡@´ú¶qª¾ÃѸ겣ªº»ùÈ©Mª¾ÃѺ޲zªº®ÄªG¡C
¥|¡B¼W¥[ª¾ÃѪº»ùÈ
¤èªk¦³¤¡G¡@»P¥Î¤á»Ý¨D±K¤Á¬ÛÃö¡]Closely related to the needs of users¡^¡F¡@¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃDªº¸ê°T·Ç½T«×n°ª¡]High accuracy of information in solving problems¡^¡F¡@¥R¨¬ªº¸ê°TÂл\¶q¡]Sufficient information coverage¡^¡F¡@À°§U¥Î¤á±Æ°£¤£½T©w©Ê¡]Help users to eliminate uncertainty¡^¡F¡@¦b¦X¾Aªº®É¶¡¡B¦aÂI±N¦X¾Aªº¸ê°Tµ¹¦X¾Aªº¥Î¤á¡]The right information at the right time, place, and for the right person¡^¡C
¤¡Bª¾ÃѺ޲zªºµ¦²¤¼Ò¦¡
¡@¾ãÅ骺µ¦²¤³W¹º¡]Integrated strategic plan¡^¡F¡@ª¾ÃѺ޲z¨t²Î¡]Knowledge management system¡^¡F¡@ª¾Ãѳзs¾÷¨î¡]Mechanism for knowledge renewal¡^¡F¡@¥H«È¤á¬°¤¤¤ßªººÞ²z¡]Customer-centered management¡^¡F¡@ª¾ÃѦ@¨É¾÷¨î¡]Mechanism for knowledge sharing¡^¡F¡@´¼¤O¸ê¥»¼WÈ¡]Increased value of intellectual capital¡^¡C
°Ñ¡Bª¾ÃѺ޲z»P¹Ï®ÑÀ]
¹Ï®ÑÀ]©Mª¾ÃѺ޲zªºÃö«Y¡A§@¬°¾Ç²ß«¬²Õ´¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]À³¸Ó¦bª¾ÃѺ޲z¤¤°_»â¾É§@¥Î¡F»P±Nª¾ÃѺ޲z¹B¥Î©óÄvª§Àu¶Õªº¥ø·~²Õ´¤£¦P¡A¤j¦h¼Æªº¤½¦@¡B¾Ç³N©M¬ã¨s¹Ï®ÑÀ]³£¨ã¦³¤£¦Pªº¨Ï©R©M»ùÈÆ[¡F¤½¦@¡B¾Ç³N©M¬ã¨s¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº³Ì«n¨Ï©R´N¬O¬°¨äŪªÌÂX¤jª¾ÃѪºÀò¨ú¡C¦Ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥i¦æªºª¾ÃѺ޲z¬¡°Ê¦³¤¡G¡@ª¾ÃѸ귽ªººÞ²z¡]Knowledge resources management¡^¡F¡@¤H¤O¸ê·½ºÞ²z¡]Human resources management¡^¡F¡@¸ê·½¦@¨É©MÁpºô¦X§@¡]Resources sharing and networking¡^¡F¡@¸ê°T§Þ³Nªºµo®i¡]Information technology development¡^¡F¡@¥Î¤áªA°È¡]User services¡^¡C
¤@¡Bª¾ÃѸ귽ªººÞ²z
nµo®i»P¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¨Ï©R©M¾¯à«O«ù¤@Pªº¸ê·½Àò¨úµ¦²¤±q¯È±i¦L¨ê«¬¨ì¹q¤l©M¼Æ¦ì«¬¡A±q¾Ö¦³¨ìÀò¨ú¡B±q¸U¤@¨ì¤Î®É¡]from just in case to just in time¡^·§©Àªº§ïÅÜ¡F½Õ¬d¤Î¤ÀªR¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº»Ý¨D¡A¸g¥ÑÁpºôªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦X§@²Õ´µo®i¦X§@¿ïÁʪºp¹º¡A«Ø¥ß¶°¦¨ªººô¤W¤½¦@Àò¨ú¥Ø¿ý¡]OPAC¡^¡A¥]¬AÀ]¤º¥~ªºª¾ÃѸ귽¡Fn¶W¶VÅã§Îª¾ÃÑ¡A³]ªkÀò¨úÁô§Îª¾ÃÑ¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªººô¯¸À³¸Ó§@¬°©Ò¦³¿z¿ï¹Lªº©M¬ÛÃöªºª¾Ãѵ¡¤f¡A¤£½×¬OÅã§Î©MÁô§Î¡A²{³õ©Î»·¶ZÂ÷¤Î¦UºØ§Î¦¡ªº¸ê·½¡F«Ü¦h¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤w¸gµo®i¨ä¿W¯Sªºª¾ÃѪŶ¡¡A¥þÅé¤u§@¤Hû¥i¥H³q¹L¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¤º³¡ºô¸ôÀò±o¥»À]¤º³¡¤å¥ó¡B³ø§i¡B·|ij¬ö¿ý¡B²Îp¤ÀªR¡B¬Fµ¦©Mµ{§Ç¡B¾Þ§@¤â¥U¡A¦¨¥\ªº¸gÅç¡B¥¢±Ñªº±Ð°V¡B¤º³¡³q§i¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]·s»D¡Bû¤u¬¡°Ê¡B°ö°V©Mû¤uµo®i¾÷·|µ¥¡A¤j¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥ç¥i¶}µo¤j¾Ç¤ºªºª¾ÃѪŶ¡¡F¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºÀ]û©M¥Î¤á¾Ö¦³¤j¶qªº±M®a©Ò¨ã¦³ªºª¾ÃÑ¡A¦¹ºØ±Mªùª¾ÃÑÀ³¸Ó½s¤J¥Ø¿ý©M¯Á¤Þ¡A¨Ã¥B¤£Â_§ó·s¡A¨Ï¨ä³q¹L¹Ï®ÑÀ]³Ð«Ø¨ÃºûÅ@ªº¹q¤l¼Æ¾Ú®w¥i¥HÀ˯Á¤Î§ä¨ì¡C¦bª¾ÃѺ޲z¬¡°Ê¤¤¡A§õ³Õ¤h¥HArthur AndersenºÞ²zÅU°Ý¤½¥q©Ò³]p§Q¥Î²v°ª¤§¡§ª¾ÃѪŶ¡¡]KnowledgeSpace¡^¡¨¡]µù6¡^ºô¯¸ªº¹ê¥Î¬°¨Ò¡A»¡©ú¨ä©Ò´£¨Ñªº¸ê°T¸g±`§ó·s¡A¹ªÀy¥Î¤á¤ÏõX¦UºØ·N¨£¡F¸Óºô¯¸´£¨Ñ¤TºØÃþ«¬ªºª¾ÃÑ¡G¡@·s»D¡]News¡^¡G¤½¥qªº¥Dn·s»D©M¤À§G¦b¥@¬É¦U¦a¤u§@¤Hû©Ò·P¿³½ìªº¼öªù¸ÜÃD¡F¡@¸ê·½¡]Resources¡^¡G¥]¬A¥þ²y³Ì¦nªº§@·~¡B¿Ô¸ßºô©MªÀ°Ï¸ê·½¡F¡@³s±µ¡]Connections¡^¡G±M¨Ñ²Õ´¤º³¡µ²ºc¤Î¸ó³¡ªùªº¦UÓ¯S§O¿³½ì¤p²Õ©¼¦¹¥æ¬y©M°Q½×¤§¥Î¡C
¤G¡B¤H¤O¸ê·½ºÞ²z
¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºÀ]ûª¾ÃÑ¥H¤Î©Ò¿n²Öªº¸gÅçºc¦¨¦UÃþ¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº´¼¼z¸ê²£¡AÀ³¸Ó¨ü¨ì«µø©M¦@¨É¡A¨Ï¨ä¯à§Î¦¨¦@¨Éª¾ÃÑ©M±M·~§Þ³Nªº²Õ´¤å¤Æ¡A¨Ã¹ê¬I«ê·íªº¼ú½à©M¹ªÀy¡F±j½Õ¦X§@¡B¦@¨É©M²·sªº²Õ´¤å¤ÆÀô¹Ò°ß¦³¦b¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªøªº¦³¤O»â¾É¡A¤Î¦bÀ]û¹F¦¨¦@ÃѪº«eÃD¤U¤è¯à«Ø¥ß¡A§@¬°¾Ç²ß«¬²Õ´¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]À³¬°¨ä¥þÅéû¤u´£¨ÑÄ~Äò±Ð¨|©M¦b¾°ö°Vªº¾÷·|¡F¹Ï®ÑÀ]À³¹ªÀy¦³¸gÅ窺À]û±NÂ×´Iªºª¾ÃÑ©M¸gÅç¶Ç±Âµ¹·sÀ]û¡A«Ø¥ß»²¾É¨î«×¥H¨ó§U·sÀ]û¦V¦³¸gÅ窺À]û¾Ç²ß¡A¦w±Æ«D¥¿¦¡ªº¬ã°Q·|©MÀ\±Ô¡A¥æ¬y¦¨¥\ªº¸gÅç©M§l¨ú¥¢±Ñªº±Ð°V¡A¦b¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤º³¡ºô¶«Ø¥ß¯S§O¿³½ì¤p²Õ©M²á¤Ñ«Ç¡F§@¬°¦~²×¦ÒÁZªº³¡¤À¡A³z¹L¼g§@¡B¥Xª©¡BÁ¿®y©Î»²¾Éªº¤è¦¡»P¥L¤H¦@¨É¦Û¤vªºÁô§Îª¾ÃÑ©M¸gÅ窺À]ûn¨ü¨ì¾A·íªºªí´©M¼úÀy¡A³Ð³y¨}¦nªº¤u§@±ø¥ó©MÀô¹Ò¡A¨Ï¦³¸gÅ窺À]û¯à°÷Ä@·N¯d¥ô¡C
¤T¡B¸ê·½¦@¨É©MÁpºô¦X§@
¹Ï®ÑÀ]¨ã¦³±y¤[ªº¸ê·½¦@¨É©MÁpºô¦X§@ªº¶Ç²Î¡A¹q¸£¡B¹q°T¡Bºô¸ô¤Æ¡B¼Æ¦ì§Þ³Nªº¨³³tµo®i¥[§Ö¦¹¤è±ªºÂX±i¡F¹Ï®ÑÀ]¸ê·½¦@¨É©MÁpºô¦X§@³Ì¦nªº¹ê¨Ò¦³¤G¡G¡@¹Ï®ÑÀ]¹q¸£Ápºô¤¤¤ß©ÎºÙ½u¤W¹q¸£¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤¤¤ß¡]Online Computer Library Center, OCLC¡^¡]µù7¡^¡F¡@«X¥è«X¦{¹Ï®ÑÀ]»P¸ê°Tºô¸ô¡]Ohio Library and Information Network, OhioLINK¡^¡]µù8¡^¡CÃö©ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]¹q¸£Ápºô¤¤¤ßªº²£¥Í¡A1967¦~¥Ñ¬ü°ê«X¥è«X¦{ªº¾Ç³N¹Ï®ÑÀ]«Ø¥ß¡]«X¥è«X¦{ªº¾Ç°|¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤¤¤ßOhio College Library Center¡^¡A³Ìªìªº¥Ø¼Ð¬°?»Pªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]´£¨Ñ¹q¸£¨t²Î¥H«K©óºô¤W¦X§@½s¥Ø¡A³Ð³yÁp¦X¥Ø¿ý¡A¦@¨É¹Ï®Ñ¸ê·½¡F1971¦~ºô¤W¨t²Î¹B§@¤§«á¡A¨ä¥L¦{©M°ê®aªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥çn¨D¥[¤J¡C¦ÓOCLCªº¦V¥~µo®i¡A1977¦~OCLC§ó¦W¨Ã±Ä¥Î·sªººÞ²zµ²ºc¡A1981¦~±Ä¥Î²{¦æ¦WºÙ¡F2000¦~¥@¬É76°ê37,297©Ò¦UºØÃþ«¬¡B³W¼Òªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦¨¬°OCLCªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A¨ä¤¤8,859©Ò¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡]¥e²{¦³¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¬ù23%¡^¦¨¬°¥¿¦¡·|û¡COCLCºô¤W¥Ø¿ý¡]WorldCat¡^¦¨¬°¥@¬É¤W³Ì¤jªº¤åÄm¥Ø¿ý¼Æ¾Ú®w¡A¾Ö¦³42,476,614µ§¬ö¿ý¡A¦~¼Wªø²v¬°270¸Uµ§¡F¥]¬A7»õ6¤d¾l¸U±øÀ]Âøê®Æ¶µ¥Ø¡A 4¦ÊºØ»y¨¥¥H¤Î4¤d¾l¦~©Ò°O¸üªºª¾ÃÑ¡A±q1999¦~7¤ë¨ì2000¦~6¤ë¦³6,430¸Uµ§À˯Á¤Î860¸Uµ§À]»Ú¤¬É¦bWorldCat¤W¶i¦æ¡COCLCªºÁp¾÷¸ê·½½s¥Ø¦X§@p¹º¡]Cooperative Online Resource Catalog²ºÙCORC¡^¡]µù9¡^¹ï¹Ï®ÑÀ]¯S§O¦³¥Î¡A±Ä¥Î¦X§@¤è¦¡¥HÀò¨ú¦UºØ¼Æ¦ì¸ê·½¡A¥Î¼Ð·Ç®æ¦¡´yz¡A¨ÏŪªÌ©ö©ó¬d¸ß¡CÃö©óOhioLINK¡]«X¥è«X¦{¹Ï®ÑÀ]»P¸ê°Tºô¸ô¡^¤è±¡A«Y¥þ«X¥è«X¦{°ª®Õ¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬°¥[±j¦X§@¤Î¸ê·½¦@¨É¦b1989¦~©Ò«Ø¥ßªº¦X§@²Õ´¡A±Ä¥Î¬Û¦Pªº¨t²Î¥H¹F¦¨³Ì¤jªº³s±µ©Ê©M¤@P©Ê¡F¦UÀ]ŪªÌ¥i¦Û¦æ¦bºô¤W¶i¦æÀ]»Ú¤¬É¡A¦X§@¶}µo¼Æ¦ì¤Æ¸ê·½¡C OhioLINK¦X§@¶µ¥Ø¥Dn¦³¤T¡G¡@±ÄÁʦUºØ°ª»Ý¨Dªº¹q¤l¼Æ¾Ú®w¡]±q¥Ø¿ý¨ì¥þ¤å¥»¡^¡AÂX¤j¥þ¤å¥»¼Æ¾Ú®w¤Î¹q¤l´Á¥Z¡A§Q¥Î¶°ÅéÁʶR¤O¥HÀò¨ú¸û°ªªº§é¦©©M§ó¦³§Qªº«´¬ù¨ó©w¡F¡@¿ï¾Ü¥þ¦{ªº¿ï®Ñp¹º¡A¶i¦æ§ó¥þ±ªººô¤WÀ]»Ú¤¬É¡Aµo®i§óºë½oªºÀ˯Á¨t²Î¥i¥H¦P®ÉÀ˯Á¦hºØ¼Æ¾Ú®w¡F¡@«Ø¥ß¹q¤l´Á¥Z¡B¼Æ¦ì´CÅ餤¤ß¡A§ïµ½ÅªªÌ±q»·³BÀò¨úOhioLinkªº¸ê·½¡C¦ÓOhioLINKªº¦¨´N¦b©ó¨Ï¥Î²{¦³ªº¹q¸£©M¹q°Tºô¸ô°ò¥»¬[ºc¡A¦b¹q¤lºô¸ôÀô¹Ò¸Ì±N¾Ç³N¹Ï®ÑÀ]³s±µ¦¨¤@Åé¡A¶°¦X¥þ³¡¹Ï®ÑÀ]¸ê·½¥H«K¨Ï¥Î©M¦@¨É¡F§Ö³t¶Ç»¼¹Ï®Ñ¸ê®Æ¡AÂX¤j¹q¤l°Ñ¦Ò¿Ô¸ß¼Æ¾Ú®w¡A¶i¦æÂîѵo®iªº¦X§@¡A§Q¥Î¶°ÅéÁʶR¤O¥H±ÄÁʹq¤l¸ê·½¡F±o¨ì§ó¦³§Qªº«´¬ù¨ó©w¡A°§C¸ê°TÀò¨ú©M¶Ç»¼ªº³æ¤¸¶O¥Î¡A«Ø¥ß·G»ùªº¦a°ÏÀx¦s¤¤¤ß¥HÀx¦s¤Ö¥Îªº®Ñ¥Z¡C
¥|¡B¸ê°T§Þ³Nªºµo®i
·Qn±À°Êª¾ÃѺ޲zªº°õ¦æ¡A´N¥²¶·¦³p¹º¶g¸Ô¡B¥i¾Þ§@ªºª¾ÃѺ޲z¨t²Î¥H¨Ï¥Î³Ì·sªº¸ê°T§Þ³N¡A¦bºô¸ôÀô¹Ò¤¤¡A°Ñ¥[¦P¤@Áp·ùªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]n¨ó½Õ¿ï¾Ü³q¥Îªº¨t²Î¡A¨Ï¦X§@¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§¶¡¯à°÷³Ì¤j«×³s³q¤ÎÝ®e¡FÀ³¸Ó¨Ï¥Î¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤º³¡ªº¤¬Ápºô¸ô¡A³z¹L¤å¥ó¡þ²£«~ªº¦@¨É¡A¥H¤Î±Ð°V©M³Ì¦nªº¸gÅ礧¦¬¶°»P¥Xª©¤ä«ùª¾ÃѺ޲z¡A¤¬Ápºôªº¥\¯à¥çÀ³¥Î¥H¬°¥Î¤á¡Bª¾ÃѪ̡]±Ð±Â¡B¬ã¨sû©M¾Ç¬ì±M®aµ¥¡^¡B¥Xª©°Ó¡B¬F©²¾÷ºc¡B¤u°Ó·~¡B¥H¤Î¨ä¥¦²Õ´¤§¶¡§@¬°ª¾ÃÑ¥æ¬y¤§¥Î¡C
¤¡B¥Î¤áªA°È
ÁA¸Ñ¥Î¤á¦Ü¬°«n¡AÀ³¬°º°È¤§«æ¡CªA°È¸ê°TÀò±o¤è¦¡¦³¤¡G¡@±q¥Î¤áµù¥U¼Æ¾Ú®wªº²Îp¤ÀªR¡F¡@¬y³q©MÀ]»Úɾ\¬ö¿ý¡F¡@³Ì±`°Ýªº°Ñ¦Ò¿Ô¸ß°ÝÃD¡F¡@¹q¸Ü©M¹q¤l«H¥óªA°È¡F¡@¹q¤l¥Zª«©M¼Æ¦ì¤Æ¸ê·½ªº¨Ï¥Îµ¥¡C©Ò¦³ªº¥Î¤áªA°È¶µ¥Ø¡]¨Ò¦p·s¥Xª©ª«¦Û°Ê³qª¾New publications alert¡B±MÃD¿ïºé¸ê°T´£¨ÑªA°ÈSelective dissemination of information¡^§¡À³²Å¦X¦U¤Hªº»Ýn¡A³q¹L©w´Áªº¥Î¤á½Õ¬d¥H¦¬¶°¨äº¡·Nµ{«×©Mn¨D¡C¦Óª¾ÃѺ޲z»P¸ê°TºÞ²z¦@¦P¤§³B¦³¤¡G¡@¤ÀÃþ»PÀ˯Á¡]Classification and search¡þretrieval¡^¡F¡@¾ã§Ç»P¾ã¦X¡]Ordering and integration¡^¡F¡@¿ï¾Ü»P¹LÂo¡]Selection and filtering¡^¡F¡@À³¥Î»P¦@¨É¡]Use and sharing¡^¡F¡@¤ÀªR»Pµû»ù¡]Analysis and evaluation¡^¡C¦Ü©óª¾ÃѺ޲z»P¸ê°TºÞ²zªº®t²§¡G
¡@ ª¾ÃѺ޲z Knowledge management
¡V¥Hª¾Ãѳзs¬°¤¤¤ß Focus on knowledge renewal and creation
¡Vª`«°ÊºA¹Lµ{ Action oriented
¡V¥H¤H©M¥Î¤á¬°®Ö¤ß People- and customer-centered
¡Vª`«À³¥Î»P¦@¨É Emphasis on utilization and sharing
¡Vª¾ÃѸ귽¼WÈ Add value to knowledge resource
¡@ ¸ê°TºÞ²z Information management
¡V¥H¸ê°T²Õ´¬°¤¤¤ß Focus on information organization
¡Vª`«ÀRºA¹ï¶H Prefer static objects
¡V¥H¤åÄm¸ê°T¬°®Ö¤ß Document- and information centered
¡Vª`«¥[¤u»P«O¦s Emphasis on processing and preserving
¡V ¥~³¡§ÎºA¾ã¦X External orderliness
¸v¡B±Ð¨|²·s
¤@¡B ±Ð¨|»P¾Ç²ßªºÅܤơ]Changes in education and learning¡^
¡@ ·s½Òµ{©M¥D׾Ǭì New curricula and new majors
¡@ ª`«±j½Õ¾Ç³Ó©ó±Ð New emphasis on learning over teaching
¡@ ¾Ç¥Íµ²ºc²Îp¸ê®Æ§ïÅÜ Changing student demographics
¡@ ¼W¥[®Õ¶éªº¦h¼Ë¤Æ Increased diversity on campus
¡@ ¨ü¸g¶O¨Ó·½ªº¬ù§ô Constrained funding sources
¡@ n¨D¥Í²£¤O©M³d¥ô·P Demand for productivity and accountability
¡@ ºô¸ô¤Æªº®Õ¶é Wired campus
¡@ ¼W¥[§Þ³N¤è±§ë¸ê Growing investment in technology
¡@ ¹q¸£ª¾ÃѯÀ¾i»Ý¨D Requirement of computer literacy
¡@ ¾Ç³N¥æ¬yªº·s¼Ò¦¡ New patterns of scholarly communication
¡@ µo®i»·¶Z¥H¤Î²×¨±Ð¨| Expanding distance education and lifelong learning
¡@ §ó·s¼W±j¹ï¥þ²y¤Æ·NÃÑ©M°ê»Ú¤Æ±Ð¨|ªº«µø Renewed emphasis on global awareness and international education
¤G¡B±Ð¾Ç¶Ç»¼¤è¦¡§ïÅÜ¡]Changes in methods of instructional delivery¡^
¡@ ¶Ç²Î¦¡ Traditional Model
¥þ®É Full-time
®Õ¶é¤º On campus
³sÄò©Ê Continuous
¨t¦C¤Æ Sequential
»¼¼W©Ê Incremental
½Ò°ó±Ð¨| Classroom
Äé¿é¦¡±Ð¨| One-way
¦P¨B©Ê Synchronous
¡@ ·s¼Ò¦¡ New Model
³¡¤À®É¶¡ Part-time
®Õ¶é¥~ Off campus
«D³sÄò Discontinuous
«D¨t¦C Non-sequential
«D»¼¼W Non-cumulative
Ó§O±Ð¨| Individual
¤¬°Ê¦¡±Ð¨| Interactive
«D¦P¨B Asynchronous
¥î¡Bµ²½×
¦b¥ø·~¬É¡Aª¾ÃѺ޲z³Qµø¬°¦U²Õ´¯à°÷Àò±o¶W¶V¨ä¹ï¤âªºÄvª§Àu¶Õ¡]competitive advantage¡^¡A¼W¥[¨ä²£«~ªº»ùÈ¡Bűo¨ä«È¤á³Ì¤jº¡·Nµ{«×ªº¥Dnµ¦²¤¡A¹ï¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§«n©Ê¬Û¦P¡C
¦]À³ª¾ÃѺ޲z¡A¦b¥ø·~²Õ´¤¤¦³³\¦h·s³Ð¥ß¾¦ì¡G
¡@ ¥Dnª¾ÃÑ©xû¡]°ª¯Å¾û¡^ Chief Knowledge Officer ¡]CKO¡^
¡@ ª¾ÃѱM·~¸g²z Knowledge Manager
¡@ ª¾ÃѺ޲z±M®a Knowledge Management Specialist
¨ã³Æ»·¤j¥Ø¥ú¡A»â¾É¤~¯à¤Î±M·~ª¾ÃÑ¡]know-how¡^ªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]û¤Î¸ê°T±M®a¡AÀ³¸Ó¬O³Ì¾A¦X¾á¥ôCKO¾¦ì¡C
¹Ï®ÑÀ]¾Ç°|À³¸Ó»P¹Ï®ÑÀ]¨ó¤O¤§¤è¦V¦³¥|¡G
¡@ ³]p·sªº½Òµ{ to design new curriculum
¡@ ¶i¦æ·sªº¾Ç²ß¥H¤Î¬ã¨s to undertake new studies and researches
¡@ µo®i·s²z½×»P¹ê°È to develop new theories and practices
¡@ °ö¾i§ó¦nªº²{¦b¤Î±N¨Óªºª¾ÃѱM·~¤Hû to better prepare the present and future knowledge
¡@ professionals
µ´¹ï¤£n¥Îª¾ÃѺ޲z±±¨îª¾Ãѳзsªº¹Lµ{¡A¨CӹϮÑÀ]§¡À³°Êû©Ò¦³ªº¯à¤O»P¸ê·½¥H§@¬°ª¾Ãѳгyªº«P¦¨ªÌ¤Î¨ó§UªÌ¡]µù10¡^¡C
¾Ç³N¬É¬O³Ì¦nªºª¾ÃѳгyªÌ¡A¤j¾Ç¬Oª¾Ãѳгy³Ì¦nªº±À¦æ³õ©Ò¡F§@¬°¾Ç²ß©Mª¾ÃѪº¾÷ºc²Õ´¡A¦U¤j¾ÇÀ³¸Ó¾¨¥i¯à±ÂÅv¨ä¹Ï®ÑÀ]µo®i¥þ®Õª¾ÃѺ޲z¨t²Î¡C¡]¥DÁ¿ªÌ§õ³Õ¤hµØ°¶²{¥ô¬ü°ê«X¥è«X¤j¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦WÅAÀ]ªø¡F°O¿ýªÌ¬°¥»À]¾\Äý²Õ²Õû¡^
ªþµù
µù1¡G
2001/3/20¡@15:00-17:00¥»À]»P±Ð¨|¨t¦X¿ì±MÃD¾Ç³NÁ¿®y©óºî¦X¤j¼Ó5F°ê»Ú·|ijÆU¡A¥Ñ±çÀ]ªø«í¥¿¥D«ù¡F¥»¤å©Ó»X§õ³Õ¤h´f¤¹¤Þ¥Î¨äÁ¿¸q±o¥H¤À¨ÉºtÁ¿ºën¡A¦b¦¹·qªíÁ§աC
µù2¡G
Stephen Abram, "Post information age positioning for special librarians: Is knowledge management the answer?" Information Outlook (June 1997),20-21.
µù3¡G
Jan Duffy, "Knowledge management: to be or not to be?" Information Management Journal, v.34 no.1 (Jan.2000), 64-67.
µù4 ¡G
Jim Bair, "Knowledge management is about cooperation and context," Gartner Advisory Services Research Note. May 14, 1999.
µù5 ¡G
P. Galagan, "Smart companies (knowledge management)," Training and Development, v.51 no.12 (1977), 20-25.
µù6 ¡G
¡§ª¾ÃѪŶ¡¡¨º¶ºô§}¡G
http://www.KnowledgeSpace.com/splash
http://www.arthurandersen.com/WebSite.nsf/Content/Homepage?OpenDocument
µù7 ¡G
OCLCºô§}¡Ghttp://www.oclc.org/oclc/menu/home1.htm
µù8¡G
OhioLINKºô§}¡Ghttp://www.ohiolink.edu
µù 9¡G
CORCºô§}¡G
http://www.oclc.org/oclc/corc
http://corc.oclc.org¡]»Ýn¦³ID»Ppassword¤~¥i¥H¶i¤J¡^
µù10¡G
Georg von Krogh, et al. Enabling Knowledge Creation: How to Unlock the Mystery of Tacit Knowledge and Release the Power of Innovation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
¡@
¡@
¹Ï®Ñ»P¸ê°TªA°È¤§ºtÅÜ¡G±q³¬¬[¨ìe-reference
±i®x°ê¡þ¸²Q¼z
ÀHµÛ¸ê°T¬ì§Þ¤§¶i¨B¡Aªñ¥|¤Q¦~¨Ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºªA°ÈºtÅܬƹd¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]ûªº¨¤¦â±q¶Ç²Îªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]û¡]librarianship¡^¡Aª½¦Ü¤µ¤é¦³¨Ç¤åÄm´£¤Îªº¸ê°T¿Ô¸ßªÌ¡]information consultant¡^¡AÅã¥Ü¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºªA°È¦³¤j¤j¦a§ïÅÜ¡C±iÀ]ªø¥H¦Û¨©ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]±M·~©Ò±µÄ²ªº¸gÅç¡AÄÄz¨ä¹ï¸ê°TªA°ÈºtÅܦU®É´Á¶¥¬q¤§¬Ýªk¤Î¸gÅç¤À¨É¡A¦P®É«ü¥Xe-reference¬O²{¤µ¹Ï®ÑÀ]¸ê°TªA°Èªºµo®i¤è¦V¡C¨Ò¦p¡G¹L¥h¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§¥Dn¥\¯à¬O´£¨Ñ¤Î¼W¶iŪªÌ¾\Ū¹Ï®Ñ¡]books¡^¡AµM¦Ó¹q¸£¸ê°T´CÅé¡]media¡^¤è¬O²{¤µ¾Þ±±¤@¤Á¤§¸üÅé¡A¬°¦]À³¦¹ºØÅܤơA¹Ï®ÑÀ]À³¦ó¥h¦ó±q¡H
³ü¡B¸ê°TªA°ÈºtÅܤ§«n¦]¯À¤Î¨¤¦â
¼vÅT¸ê°TªA°ÈºtÅܤ§«n¦]¯À¤Î¨¤¦â¦p¤U¡G»â¾ÉªÌ¡BŪªÌ»Ý¨D¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]¾Ç·|¤ä«ù¡Bª¾ÃÑÃz¬µ¡B±Ð¨|¨t²Î§ïÅÜ¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]¾Ç®Õ¤Î±Ð¨|¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]±M·~¡B¬ì§Þµo®i»PInternet¤ÎWWW¤§¥X²{µ¥µ¥¦]¯À¡C
°w¹ï»â¾ÉªÌ¦¹¦]¯À¦Ó¨¥¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]·~©Î±q·~¬É¤@ª½³£¦³¤@¨Ç¨ã¦³«¤j¼vÅT¤Oªº¤H¨Ó±a°Ê¾ãӹϮÑÀ]¬É¤§µo®i¡A¨Ò¦p¡G§ù«Â¡]Deway¡^µ¥µ¥¡A¥L̹ï¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬Éªºµo®i¦³µÛÁ|¨¬»´«ªº¦a¦ì¡CµM¦Ó¡AŪªÌ¤§»Ý¨D§ó¬O«nªº¦]¯À¤§¤@¡C1980¦~¥N¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]±Á{¸g¶O§xÃø¡AªÀ·|¹ï¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬É¸g¶Oªº¤ä«ù·U¨Ó·U®z¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦³¦Û°Ê¤Æ¤ÎªA°È§Î¶H§ïÅܤ§»Ý¨D¡C°ò©ó¥H¤WªÀ·|Àô¹Òµ¥¦]¯À¼vÅT¤§¥~¡Aª¾ÃÑÃz¬µ¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]±Ð¨|Åé¨t¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]û¤§±M·~¤Î¸ê°T¬ì§ÞÀô¹Ò¤§§ïÅÜ¡A±N¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§ªA°È±a¤J¤£¦P¥H©¹ªº¹Ò¬É¡C¹Ï®ÑÀ]±M·~¤è±¡A¬ü°êALA©Ò©µ¦ù¤§¹Ï®ÑÀ]±M·~¾Ç·|¹ï¹Ï®ÑÀ]±M·~±a¨Ó²ö¤jªº¼vÅT¡C¥t¥~¡AInternet¤ÎWWW¥X²{¹ï¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§ªA°È±a¨Ó§ó¤jªº§ïÅÜ¡C
¶L¡B³¬¬[ªA°È¡]Closed stacks'
¡@¡@services¡^¤§¯S©Ê
³¬¬[ªA°È¤§¯S©Ê¦CÁ|¦p¤U¡G
¤@¡B ¶i¦æ¤Î«ùÄò¹Ï®ÑÀ]°ò¥»¥\¯à¤ÎªA°È¡A¥]¬A»`¶°¡]selection¡Bacquisition¡^¡B¾ã²z¡B«O¦s¡]§tªA°È¡^¤Î²^¨Oµ¥µ¥¥\¯à¤Î§@·~¡C
¤G¡B ŪªÌ¶¡±µ¨ú±o¡]access¡^¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§¸ê®Æ¡C
¤T¡B ¹Ï®ÑÀ]û´x´¤¤@¤Á¸ê·½¤§¨ú±o¡C
¥|¡B ¥H®Ñ¥»¦¡¤Î¥d¤ù¦¡¥Ø¿ý¬°À˯Á¤u¨ã¡C
¤¡B ¥H¡§®Ñ¡¨¡]book¡^¬°¾É¦V¤§¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªA°È¡C
¤»¡B ¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬O¾\Äý«Ç¤ÎŪ®Ñ«ÇªºªÅ¶¡¡C
¤C¡B ±Ä³Q°Ê¦¡¤§¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªA°È¡C
°Ñ¡B ½s¥Ø¤ÎMARC¤§ºtÅÜ
±q1947¦~AACR I¨î©w¦Ü¤µ¡A¤§¶¡¸g¾úAACR II¡BUS MARC¡]1966¦~¡^¤Î¨ä¥LMARCµ¥½s¥Ø¾úµ{¡C1981¦~©l¡A§Ú°ê¤¤¥¡¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡]«e°ê®a¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡^¿n·¥¶i¦æ¦UºØ½s¥Øªº°V½m½Òµ{¤Î¬ã°Q·|¡CÀHµÛ¬ì§Þ¸ê°T¤§µo®i¡A¦UºØ¬ÛÃö¼Ð·Ç¤Î¨ó©w¦]À³¦Ó¥Í¡A¥]¬AISO 2709¡C¦P®É¡A½u¤W¤½¥Î¥Ø¿ý¡]OPAC¡^¦¨¬°ÅªªÌÀ˯ÁÀ]Âåؿý¤§¥D¬y¡C²{¤µ¡A¥Ñ©óMARC¤wµLªkº¡¨¬©Ò¦³Ãþ«¬ªº¸ê®Æ¡Ametadata¤ÎDublin Coreµ¥¸ê®Æ³B²z¤è¦¡¤w¦¨¬°¤@ºØÁͶաAOCLC¤wÂ泤¤Q¦h¸Uµ§¦¹Ãþ¸ê®Æ°O¿ý¡C¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§¦Û°Ê¤Æº¥ýªí²{¦b½s¥Ø§@·~¡A½s¥Ø¤Hû¼Æ¶q¥Ñ¦h¼ÆÂର´î¤Ö¥i¨£¤@´³¡C¦b¬ü°êOCLC¤§¥þ°ê®Ñ¥Ø¤¤¤ß¤§¦a¦ì¡A¤w¦¨¬°¤j¦h¼Æ¹Ï®ÑÀ]½s¥Ø°O¿ý¤§¥Dn¨Ó·½¡A°ê¤º´Á¬ß¯à¦³¹³OCLC¤§¦³®Ä¾÷ºc±a»â¥þ°ê½s¥Ø§@·~¤§µo®i¡C¦Ó½s¥Ø§@·~¤§ºt¶i¡A¥ç¥R¤À¼vÅTµÛ¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§ªA°È¡C
¸v¡B ¹q¸£§Þ³N¤§ºtÅÜ
¼vÅT¹Ï®ÑÀ]¸ê°TªA°Èªº¹q¸£§Þ³N¥i¤À¬°¦p¤U´XÓ³¡¥÷ªººtÅÜ¡G
¤@¡B ¹q¸£¤Î¾Þ§@¨t²Î¤§ºt¶i¡C¨Ò¦p¡G386¡B486¡A¥H¦Ü¤µ¤é¤§Pentium 4µ¥µ¥¡C
¤G¡B ¤j«¬·L¹q¸£¤Îµ§°O«¬¹q¸£¡C
¤T¡B ¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦Û°Ê¤Æ¤Î¤½¦@ªA°È¤§§Þ³NªA°È¡C1963¦~°_¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦Û°Ê¤Æ¤§·§©À¿³°_¡A¾¬±æ¥H¦Û°Ê¤Æ¯à¸Ñ¨M½s¥Ø§@·~©Ò±a¨Ó¤£¥²nªº¤H¤O®ö¶O¡A¥]¬A¡G§Þ³N½s¥Ø¡B±Æ§Ç¤ÎÀ˯Áµ¥µ¥¡C¥t¥~¡A¸Õ¹Ï¥H¦Û°Ê¤Æ¨Ó²£¥Í´Á¥Z¥Ø¿ý¤Î¹Ï®Ñ±ÄÁÊ¡C¦Ü©ó§Q¥Î¦Û°Ê¤Æ©Ò¶i¦æ¤§¤½¦@ªA°È«hªí²{¦b°Ñ¦ÒªA°È¡A¸ê®Æ®wµ¥·§©À³v¨Bµo®i¡A¤Î¦Ü¤µ¤é¤§e-reference¡C¹Ï®ÑÀ]±M·~¤H¤O¹E¥Ñ¹ï½s¥Ø§ë¥H¸û¦hÃöª`¡AÂà¦Ó¹ïµªÂÐŪªÌ¤§°Ñ¦Ò°ÝÃD¤Î¸ê®ÆÀ˯Á§ë¥H¸û¦hª`·N¡A¸Õ¹Ï¥H¸ê°T¬ì§Þ¥N´À¨Ã¸Ñ¨M¤H¤u§@·~¤§¤£«K¡C
¥|¡B ¤j¶qµ²¦X¼v¡Bµø¡BÅ¥¤§¥þ¤å¡B¦h´CÅé¤ÎµêÀÀ¹ê¹Òµ¥¸ê®Æ®w¡C
¤¡B °ò¥»¹q¸£³nÅé¤Î±M®a¨t²Î¡C¸ê®Æ®w¤§µo®i«á¡A¦³¨Ç¤H»{¬°¤´¤£°÷¡A¬O¬G¥Hknowledge database¬°¨Ì¾Ú¤§±M®a¨t²Î³Qµo®i¦Ó¦¨¡C
¥î¡B ³q°T¤Îºô¸ô¤§ºtÅÜ
³q°T¤Îºô¸ô¤§ºtÅÜ¥i¤À¬°¥H¤U¤Ó¶¥¬q¡G²Ä¤@¶¥¬q¡A¹q³ø¡B¹q¸Ü¤Î¹q¸£¤§³q°T®É´Á¡C¦´ÁOCLC¤§³q°T¶Ç¿é´N¬O¦¹Ãþ¡A³°ÄòÀHµÛ³q°T§Þ³N¤§ºt¶i¤~¦³¥H¤U´XÓ¶¥¬qªºµo®i¡C²Ä¤G¶¥¬q¡AWAN¤Î¦´Á¹Ï®ÑÀ]ºô¸ô¡C²Ä¤T¶¥¬q¡ALAN¤Î¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªA°È¡A¨Ò¦p¡GIllinet¦UӾǮդÀ°t¨Ï¥Î¤§ºô¸ôÂI¡C²Ä¥|¶¥¬q¡AFAX¤Î¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªA°È¡A¨Ò¦p¡G´Á¥Zµ¥À]»Ú¦X§@¤§¤åÄm¶Ç»¼ªA°È¡C³Ì«á¶¥¬q¡AInternet®É´Á¡A¸ê®Æ¶Ç¿é³q°T§ó¬OµL»·¥±©¡¡C
³°¡B Internet¤ÎWWW¤§ºtÅÜ
¤@¡B¦´ÁInternet¤§À³¥Î¡A¥]¬A¡G»·ºÝµn¤J¡]remote login¡^¡BFTP¡B¹q¤l¶l¥ó¡]E-mail¡^¡BArchie¡BGopher¡BHypernet¡BFreenetµ¥µ¥¡C¦¹®É´Á¦UӹϮÑÀ]¬Ò¦b¹ïÀ]û¤ÎŪªÌ¶i¦æ³o¨ÇInternetÀ³¥Î¤§±Ð¨|°V½m¤Î¬ã°Q½Òµ{¡C¦´ÁªºYahoo«K¬O¥ÑGopherµo®i¦Ó¦¨¡C¨ä¤¤¡AHypernet¬O¥[®³¤jªº¤@Ó¤j¾Ç©Ò¬ãµo¡A¦ÓFreenet¬O°w¹ï¤@¨ÇªÀ°Ïªººô¸ô¡C
¤G¡BWWW©ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤Î°Ó·~¤§À³¥Î¡C¦b°ê¥~¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]»P°Ó·~¤½¥q©¹©¹¦³¦X§@ªºÃö«Y¡Aµo®iWWWªº¬ÛÃö¸ê®Æ®w¤Î¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦æ¾P¡A¨ã¦³¨}¦n¤§¦¨®Ä¡C
¤T¡B¹q¤l¥Xª©«~¡]E-publications¡^¡C¹q¤l¥Xª©«~¨ã¦³¥Xª©®É®Ä§Ö³t¤Î«K§Qµ¥¯S©Ê¡A¤w¦¨¬°¥Ø«e¹Ï®ÑÀ]´£¨Ñ¸ê®Æµ¹ÅªªÌ¤§«n³¡¥÷¡C
¥|¡B·j´M¤ÞÀº¡]Search engines¡^¡C·j´M¤ÞÀºÀ˯Á¸ê®Æ©Ò±o¤Ó¹LÃeÂø¡A¦p¦ó¬°ÅªªÌ¿z¿ï¤Î¹LÃy¥Ñ·j´M¤ÞÀºÀ˯Á©Ò±o¤§¸ê®Æ¡A¥ç¬O²{¤µ¹Ï®ÑÀ]û©Ò±Á{¤§½ÒÃD¡C
¬m¡B ²{ªp·§z
²{¤µ¼Æ¦ì¤Æ¤Î¹q¤l¥Xª©¤§·§©À«D±`½´«kµo®i¡A¬O¬GµêÀÀ¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡B¹q¤l®Ñ¡]¦r¨å¡B®Ñµû¡^¡BE-referenceµ¥¦Wµü¤@¦A³Q´£¤Î¡C¨ä¤¤¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]¹ï¹q¤l®Ñ¤§±ÄÁʤάy³qµ¦²¤¡A»P¥Xª©°Ó¤§§Þ³N¬ãµo¤ÎŪªÌ¤§¨Ï¥Î²ßºD¬Ò¦³«D±`¤jªºÃö«Y¡C²{¤µ¹q¤l®Ñ©Ò´£¨Ñ¤§¤è¦¡¦³Y¤z§Î¦¡¡A±N¨Ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]n±Ä¨ú¦óºØªA°È¤´±Á{¬Û·í¦hªº°ÝÃD¡A¦r¨å§Î¦¡¹q¤l®Ñ¤§ªA°È«h°ÝÃD¸û¤Ö¡C¥t¥~¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥ç´ÂAmazon.com©Ò´£¨ÑÅU«È§Y®É¸ê°TªºªA°È¼Ò¦¡¨Óµo®i¡AŪªÌ»P¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§¶¡¤§Ãö«Y§ó¿Ëªñ¤Îª½±µ¡AÅýŪªÌ³Æ¨ü§¹J»P´L«¤§·P¨ü¡C
®Ã¡B ¨ä¥LºtÅÜ
¬ü°ê°ê·|¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡]Library of Congress¡^¤ÎOCLC¤§µo®i¤w¥ý«á³QÁ|¨Ò¤Î»¡©ú¡CIllinetOnline¦¹Ãþµo®i¼Ò¦¡¡A¬O§Ú°êµo®i¤Î¾Ç²ß¤§¤è¦V¡C¨ä¥HIllinois¦{¬°½d³ò¡Aµo®i¦{©Ò¦³°Ñ»P¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§¹Ï®ÑÀ]À]Âìy³q¨t²Î¡]circulation system¡^¡A©Ò¦³°Ñ»PÀ]¬Ò¦³´£¨Ñ¤Îɾ\©Ò¦³¹Ï®ÑÀ]ÂîѤ§Åv§Q¤Î¸q°È¡A¥R¥÷¹ê²{¸ê·½¦@¨É¤§²z©À¡C¦p¦¹¡A°£¤FÀ]Âø귽¦@¨É¤§¥~¡A§ó»E¶°¤F¤H¤O¤Î¸ê°T³]³Æµ¥¤è±¤§Áp·ù¡]consortium¡^¤O¶q±o¥Hµo®i¡C
¨h¡B ¥xÆW¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤Î¸ê°TªA°È
¥xÆW¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§¸ê°TªA°È±N¦ó¥h¦ó±q¡H§ÚÌ¥i¥H¨ú¥L°êµo®i¤§ªø³B¡Aµ²¦X´XÓ¸û¤j«¬¤§¹Ï®ÑÀ]¨Ó±a»â¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§µo®i¡A¦A¥[¥H§Ú°ê¯S¦³¤§¡§¤å¤Æ¡¨¯S©Ê¡Aµo®i¾A¦X¥»°ê¤§ºÞ²z¤ÎªA°È¼Ò¦¡¡C¡]¥DÁ¿ªÌ±i³Õ¤h®x°ê²{¥ô¾ð¼w¬ì§Þ¤j¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]À]ªø¡F°O¿ýªÌ¬°²z¤ÀÀ]²Õû¡^
±q³q¸ôªº·§©ÀµûªR¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº±À¼s¬¡°Ê¢w¢w¤TÓÓ®×
J§Ó®Ú
¡@
³ü¡B«e¨¥
°Êª«¶é§l¤Þ¤F¤Q¸U¤H¥H¤WÆ[¬Ýºµ¿ß©M¥øÃZ¡F¦Ó¾ú¥v³Õª«À]¤]±È°_Æ[¬Ý§L°¨«Mªº·¼é¡C¹Ï®ÑÀ]Áö¸¹ºÙ¾Ç³Nªº»È¦æ¡Bª¾ÃѪºÄ_®w¡A¦ý¬Û¹ï¤Wz¤GªÌ¦Ó¨¥¡AÓýÅã±oªù¥iù³¶¡C¬°¤°»ò°Êª«¶é©M¾ú¥v³Õª«À]¡A§¡¯à§l¤Þ¤j¶qªº¤H¼é¡A¦Ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤£¯à¡H¡I¨ä¤¤«nªºì¦]¤§¤@¡A´N¬O¹Ï®ÑÀ]¹ï©ó¥ø·~¬ÉªºÃd¨à¡X¡X¦æ¾P¡A¨Ã¤£«µø¤§¬G¡C¦æ¾P¥]¬A²£«~¡B©w»ù¡B³q¸ô¡B±À¼s¡]«P¾P¡^¥|¤¸¯À¡C¦³¤H»¡¡G¡u½Ö´¤¦³³q¸ô¡A½Ö´N¯à¥D®_¾Ô³õ¡v¡]³¢ÄR¬Â¡A¥Á86¡A¶90¡^¡A¥Ñ¦¹¥i¨£³q¸ôªº«©Ê¡C¥»¤å§Y±q³q¸ô¡]place¡^ªº·§©À¡A¹B¥Î¤åÄm¤ÀªRªk¡BÆ[¹îªk¡A¤ÎӮ׬ã¨sªkµ¥¡A°w¹ï¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº±À¼s¬¡°Ê¡G¤TÓӮסA¥[¥HµûªR¡C
¶L¡B³q¸ô·§©À
¤°»ò¬O³q¸ô¡]place¡^¡H¦b¥ø·~¦æ¾P¤¤¡A³q¸ô¬O¡u¤@¨ÇªÀ·|¾÷ºc»P¥N²z°Ó©Ò²Õ¦¨ªººô¸ô¨t²Î¡A§â²£«~¥Ñ¥Í²£ªÌªº¤â¤¤Âà¥æ¨ì®ø¶OªÌ¤â¤¤¡C¡v¦bªÀ·|¦æ¾P¤¤¡A¥Í²£ªÌ´N¬OªÀ·|§ï²¹B°Ê¡A¦Ó®ø¶OªÌ´N¬O´N¬O¥Ø¼Ð¸s¡]«ä¯¾¡A¥Á84¡A¶201¡^¡A¨ä³q¸ô¥Dn¥H´CÅé»P¤H»Ú·¾³q¬°¥D¡]«ä¯¾¡A¥Á84¡A¶212¡^¡CÂk¯Ç¨¥¤§¡A³q¸ô¬O¥Í²£ªÌ»P¥Ø¼Ð¸sªº´C¤¶¡A¨ä¥Øªº¦b©ó§â²£«~¥Ñ¥Í²£ªÌªº¤â¤¤¡AÂà¥æ¨ì¥Ø¼Ð¸s¤â¤¤¡F¨ä´C¤¶ª«¥i¥H¬O¾÷ºc¡B¦aÂI¡B¨t²Î¡B´CÅé¤Î¤Hµ¥¡C¦Ó´C¤¶ª«¤]¥i¥Ñ¦³§Îªº¹êÅé´C¤¶¡A±À¨ìµL§Îªº«D¹êÅé´C¤¶¡A¦p®É¶¡¡Bµ{§Ç¡B¤èªk¡B§Þ³N¡B¬¡°Ê¡BªA°È¡BÆ[©À¤Îª¾Ãѵ¥µ¥¡C
¤Wz³q¸ôªº²[¸q¡A¶È´N¥Í²£ªÌªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¦Ó¤w¡CY´N®ø¶OªÌ©Î¥Ø¼Ð¸sªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡A³q¸ô´N¬OnºÉ¶q¤è«K¡AÀH³B¥i³q¡]°ªµn²Ä¡A¥Á89¡A¶142¡^¡C¦P®É¤]n²Å¦X¥Ø¼Ð¸sªº¿³½ì¡B»Ý¨D¡BºA«×»P»ùȵ¥¤º¥~¦b»Ý¨D¡C¨ä¥Øªº¦b©ó±µªñ©ÎÀò±o¥Ø¼Ðª«¡A¨Ã¶i¦ÓÀò±o¯à¤O¡B·N¸q©ÎÓ¤H»ùȤ§´£ª@¡C¦A´N¾ã¦X©Ê¦æ¾PªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡A¦æ¾Pªº¥|¤¸¯À--²£«~¡B©w»ù¡B³q¸ô¡B±À¼s¡]«P¾P¡^¡A¬O¤¬¬ÛÃöÁp¡A¨Ã¬Û¤¬§@¥Î¡]¥v¤[²ú¡A¥Á80¡A¶23¡^¡C¦]¦¹¡A³q¸ôªº¨ä¥L¤T¤¸¯À--²£«~¡B©w»ù¡B³q¸ô¡B±À¼s¡]«P¾P¡^¡A§¡¥]§t¦b³q¸ôªº¼s¸q¤§¤¤¡C¦]¬°Y²£«~¤£¨Î¡B©w»ù¤í§´¡A¤Î«P¾P©å¦H¡AÁöµM³q¸ô·¥¬°¤è«K¡AÀH³B¥i³q¡A®£©È¤]Ãø¥H±N²£«~Âà¥æ¨ì¥Ø¼Ð¸s¤â¤¤¡C
¯÷±N¤Wz³q¸ôªº²[¸q¡A²nÂk¯Ç¦p¤U¡G
¯U¸q¡G1. ¦³§Î¡G¾÷ºc¡B¦aÂI¡B¨t²Î¡B´CÅé¤Î¤Hµ¥¡C
¡@¡@¡@2. µL§Î¡G¦p®É¶¡¡Bµ{§Ç¡B¤èªk¡B§Þ³N¡B¬¡°Ê¡BªA°È¡BÆ[©À¤Îª¾Ãѵ¥µ¥¡C
¼s¸q¡G1. ´C¤¶¡G
¡@¦³§Î¡G¦æ¾Pªº¥|¤¸¯À¡X¡X²£«~¡B©w»ù¡B³q¸ô¡B±À¼s¡]«P¾P¡^
¡@µL§Î¡G¥Ø¼Ð¸sªº¿³½ì¡B»Ý¨D¡BºA«×»P»ùȵ¥¤º¥~¦b»Ý¨D¡C
¡@¡@¡@2. ¥Øªº¡G
¡@¦³§Î¡G±µªñ©ÎÀò±o¥Ø¼Ðª«¡C
¡@µL§Î¡GÀò±o¯à¤O¡B·N¸q©ÎÓ¤H»ùȤ§´£ª@¡C
°Ñ¡B ³q¸ô·§©À¦b¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºÀ³¥Î
³¢ÄR¬Âªí¥Ü¦b¸ê°TªA°È¤¤³q¸ô¬O¤£®e©¿µøªºn¯À¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]À³¦Ò¼{©Ò¯à´£¨Ñªº¡uªA°È³q¸ô¡v¡AªA°È½d³ò¤ÎªA°È¦aÂI¡G
1. ªA°È³q¸ô¡R¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥H³]¥ß¤ÀÀ]¡B±H¦s¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡B¦w±Æ¹Ï®Ñ¨µ°j¨®¡B©Î¦b¦vªA°È¡Bºô¸ôÁpµ¸µ¥³q¸ô¡A¨ÏŪªÌ¯à«Ü¤è«K¦aÀò±o¸ê®Æ©Î¸ê°T¡C
2. ªA°È½d³ò¡G¹Ï®ÑÀ]¹ïŪªÌªºªA°È½d³ò«Ü¦³¼u©Ê¡C¥]¬A¹Ï®Ñ¤W¬[¡B°Ñ¦Ò¿Ô¸ßªA°È¡B½u¤WÀ˯Áµ¥¡A¥i¦Û¦æ¨M©wªA°È¤§½d³ò¡CªA°È¦aÂI¡R¹Ï®ÑÀ]´£¨ÑªA°Èªº³õ©Ò¡A´N¬O¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¦aÂI¡AÀ³¦Ò¼{¥æ³q¬O§_¤è«K¡AÀô¹Ò¬O§_¦wÀR¡B¾A©yµ¥°ÝÃD¡]³¢ÄR¬Â¡A¥Á86¡A¶90¡^¡C
¤Wzªº³q¸ôªº²[¸q¡A¥]¬A³q¸ôªº¦³§Î²[¸q¡X¡X¦p«ezªºªA°È³q¸ô¡A¤ÎªA°È¦aÂI¡A¥H¤ÎµL§Îªº²[¸q¡X¡X¦pªA°È½d³ò¡C¦Ó¨äÆ[ÂI¥Dn¥Ñ¥Í²£ªÌ¡X¡X¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡C
³\¼z¦p«ü¥X¡G¶Ç²Î¤W¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªA°Èªº³q¸ô§Y¬O¦bÀ]¤º¸g¥ÑÀ]û¶Ç¹Fµ¹ÅªªÌ¡C¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥i¥H¶}©Ý¨ä¥LªººÞ¹D¡A¨Ò¦p¥Ñ³o¨Ç¤j¾÷ºc´£¨Ñ¸g¶O¡A¦Ó¥Ñ¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥N¬°¸gÀç¨ä¹Ï®Ñ«Ç¡C¨Ò¦p´£¨Ñ·s®Ñ¤¶²Ðµ¥®Ñ±©ÊªA°È¡A¥H¶l±H¡A´²µo©Î©ñ¸m©ó¦hÓ©wÂI¡A¨Ñ¥Á²³¯Á¨ú¡AÂX¤jªA°Èªº³q¸ô¡]³\¼z¦p¡A¥Á82¡A¶69¡^¡C³\¼z¦pªº³q¸ôªº²[¸q¡A¤]¥]¬A¦³§Îªº²[¸q¡X¡X¦pÀ]û¡B¤j¾÷ºc¹Ï®Ñ«Ç¡B·s®Ñ¤¶²Ð¡A©MµL§Îªº²[¸q¡A¦pÀ]û¹ïŪªÌªºªA°È¡C¦Ó¨äÆ[ÂI¤]¬O¥Dn¥Ñ¥Í²£ªÌ¡X¡X¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡C
ÁÂÄ_´Dªí¥Ü³q¸ô«üªº¬O¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¹êÅé«Ø¿v¡A©M«D¹êÅ骺ºô»Úºô¸ô¡C«eªÌŪªÌ¦b¨ä¤¤§ä¨ì©Ò»Ýnªº¹Ï®Ñ¸ê®Æ¡C«áªÌ¥i¥H¬ð¯}¹êÅé«Ø¿v¥[½Ñ¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¨î¡A¦p¶}©ñ®É¶¡¡BªA°È®É¶¡¡B¥H¤Î¥æ³q¹B¿é¡B¶ZÂ÷µ¥¼vÅTÅU«È¥úÁ{¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¦]¯À¡C¦o«Øij¹Ï®ÑÀ]§ï±Ä³]p²³æ¡Bµ²ºc²M·¡¡A¥B°T®§©öÀ´ªººô¶¡]ÁÂÄ_´D¡A¥Á98¡A¶51¡^¡CÁÂÄ_´Dªº³q¸ôªº²[¸q¡A¥Dn¬°¦³§Îªº²[¸q¡X¡X¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¹êÅé«Ø¿v¡A©Mºô»Úºô¸ô¡C¦Ó¨äÆ[ÂI¥Dn¥Ñ¥Ø¼ÐªÌ¡X¡XŪªÌªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡G¨Ò¦p¦o´£¨ìŪªÌ§ä¨ì©Ò»Ýnªº¹Ï®Ñ¸ê®Æ¡F±Ä³]p²³æ¡Bµ²ºc²M·¡¡A¥B°T®§©öÀ´ªººô¶¡C
¥v¤[²ú»{¬°³q¸ô¥]¬A¡u¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¸ê®Æ¥i³z¹L¨µ°jªA°È¨®¡B¸ê°Tºô¸ôªº³s½u¡B¹q¸Üµ¥ºÞ¹D¦Ó±N¹Ï®Ñªº²£«~¶¶§Q¹F¨ìŪªÌ¤â¤¤¡A¤£½×¦b¥ô¦ó®É¶¡¡B¥ô¦ó¦aÂI¡A§¡¥i§Q¥Î¦UºØºÞ¹Dªº¯S©Ê¥[¥H¿ï¾Ü¡B·f°t¡A¥H¦³®Äªº¹F¦¨ªA°ÈŪªÌªº¥Ø¼Ð¡]¥v¤[²ú¡A¥Á80¡A¶23¡^¡C¡v¥v¤[²úªº³q¸ôªº²[¸q¡A¥]§t¤F¦³§Îªº²[¸q¡X¡X¨µ°jªA°È¨®¡B¸ê°Tºô¸ôªº³s½u¡B¹q¸Ü¤Î¦aÂIµ¥¡A¤]¥]§t¤FµL§Îªº²[¸q¡X¡X®É¶¡¡A¦P®É¥ç¥]§t¤F¥Øªº©Êªº²[¸q¡X¡X¦³®Äªº¹F¦¨ªA°ÈŪªÌªº¥Ø¼Ð¡C
Âk¯Ç¤Wz¡A³q¸ôªº²[¸qÀ³¥Î¦b¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡A¦³§Îªº²[¸q¥]¬A¤FªA°È³q¸ô¡BªA°È¦aÂI¡BÀ]û¡B¤j¾÷ºc¹Ï®Ñ«Ç¡B·s®Ñ¤¶²Ð¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¹êÅé«Ø¿v¡B«D¹êÅ骺ºô»Úºô¸ô¡A¤Î¹q¸Üµ¥¡FµL§Îªº²[¸q¥]§t¤FªA°È½d³ò¡BÀ]û¹ïŪªÌªºªA°È¤Î®É¶¡µ¥¡F¥Øªº©Êªº²[¸q¡A¶È¥]§t¦³®Äªº¹F¦¨ªA°ÈŪªÌªº¥Ø¼Ð¡C¨äÆ[ÂI¥Dn¥Ñ¥Í²£ªÌ¡X¡X¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡A¦Ó¥ÑŪªÌªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¶È¦³¤@¦ì±M®a¾ÇªÌ¡A¨ä¤º²[¬°¡GŪªÌ§ä¨ì©Ò»Ýnªº¹Ï®Ñ¸ê®Æ¡F±Ä³]p²³æ¡Bµ²ºc²M·¡¡A¥B°T®§©öÀ´ªººô¶¡C¦p¹ï·Ó²Ä¤T¸`¤§³q¸ôªº·§©À¡A¦¹³B¯Ê¥F¦æ¾P²Õ¦Xªº²[¸q¡A©M¾A¦XŪªÌ¤º¥~»Ý¨Dªº²[¸q¡C
¸v¡B±q³q¸ôªº·§©ÀµûªR¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº±À¼s¬¡°Ê¡G¤TÓÓ®×
¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº±À¼s¬¡°Ê¡A¥Dn¬O°t¦X¨ä¥L³æ¦ì¡A©Î¬¡°Ê¦ÓÁ|¿ì¡A¬Æ¤Ö¥Ñ¦Û¤vÁ|¿ì¡C¦¹³B©Ò¿ïªºÓ®×¡A¥]¬A¨âÓ°t¦X©Êªº±À¼s¬¡°Ê¡G§Ú°ê¹Ï®ÑÀ]¨Æ·~Á`Äý¡B°ÑÆ[¬¡°Ê¡A¤Î¤@ӥѬY¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦Û¦æ¥D¿ìªº¬¡°Ê¡G¥DÃD®Ñ®i¡C¯÷±q³q¸ôªº·§©À¡A¹ï¤Wz¤TÓ¬¡°ÊӮ׶i¦æµûªR¦p¤U¡G
¡@§Ú°ê¹Ï®ÑÀ]¨Æ·~Á`Äý¡G¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]Á|¿ì¡u§Ú°ê¹Ï®ÑÀ]¨Æ·~Á`Äý¡v¡A¥Dn¬O°t¦X¡u²Ä¤T¦¸¥þ°ê¹Ï®ÑÀ]·|ij¡v¤§¥l¶}¡A¨Ã¥ø±æÂǵ۲Îp¹Ïªíªº®i¥Ü¡A§e²{¥X¥Ø«e¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬ÉÀç¹Bªºª¬ªp¡C®iÄý®É¶¡±q89¦~12¤ë1¤é¦Ü2¤é¡A¤W¤È¤E®É¦Ü¤U¤È¤®É¡F®iÄý¦aÂI¦b°ê¹Ïªº°ê»Ú·|ijÆU¡C¾Ú¸ÓÀ]¤Hûªí¥Ü¡A§Æ±æÂǥѦ¹¦¸®iÄý¡AÅý¤HÁA¸Ñ¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]¸g¶Oªº¤£¨¬¡C¥Ñ¨ä®iÄýªº¤º®e¨Ó¬Ý¡A°£¤F¥þ°ê¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬ÉÀç¹Bªºª¬ªpªº²Îp¥~¡AÁÙ¥t³]Åã¥Ü¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]¸g¶O¤£¨¬»P¤u§@¦¨ªGªº¹Ïªí¡G¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]»P¤©Ò°ê¥ß¤j¾ÇÁʮѶO¤ñ¸û¡B¤Ó°ê®a¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦~«×¸g¶O»P¥U¼Æªº¤ñ¸û¡B¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]¸ê°T¨t²Î¨Ï¥Î¤H¦¸¦~«×²Îpªí¡C³o¨Ç¤º®e»P¨ä®iÄý¥Øªº¡A¤Q¤À¬Û²Å¡A¥i»¡¬Oݨã³q¸ôªº¦³§Îªº²[¸q©M¥Øªº©Ê²[¸q¡C¦ý¤Wz²[¸q¬O¥Ñ¥Í²£ªÌ¡X¡X¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡AY¥Ñ¥Ø¼Ð¸s¡X¡X·|ijªÌ¤è®×ªº³]p¤§¤¤¨Ó¬Ý¡A¦b°Ñ¥[·|ij¤§¾l¡A¬O§_¦b²³¦h¹Ïªí¤¤¡Aª`·N¨ì¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº²Îp¹Ïªí¡A¨Ã»â·|¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¥Î¤ß¡A¹ê¦b¥O¤HÃhºÃ¡C
¡@°ÑÆ[¬¡°Ê¡G¬°¤F«K©óÁA¸Ñ»PµûªR¡A¯÷±N¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]88¦~7¤ë¦Ü89¦~6¤ëªº°ÑÆ[¬¡°Ê¡A¥[¥H²Îp¦Cªí¦p¤U¡G
°ÑÆ[¬¡°Ê²Îp¡]88¦~7¤ë¦Ü89¦~6¤ë¡^¡G
°ÑÆ[¬¡°Ê¬OµL§Îªº¬¡°Ê¡A¬G¨ã¦³³q¸ôªºµL§Î²[¸q¡F¦Ó°ÑÆ[¬¡°Ê¥ÑÀ]û©Ò±a»â¡AÀ]û¬O¦³§Îªº¡A¦]¦¹¡A°ÑÆ[¬¡°Ê¤]ݨ㦳§Îªº²[¸q¡C®Ú¾Ú¤u§@¤Hûªí¥Ü¡A°ÑÆ[¬¡°Ê¥Dn¬O°t¦X¾Ç¥Íªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]§Q¥Î«ü¾É½Òµ{¡C±q¤Wzªº²Îp¨Ó¬Ý¡A°ÑÆ[ªÌ¥H¾Ç¥Í¬°¦h¡A²Å¦X¡u°t¦X¾Ç¥Íªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]§Q¥Î«ü¾É½Òµ{¡vªº¥Øªº¡A¥i»¡¨ã¦³¥Øªº©Ê²[¸q¡C¦ý±q²Îpªº¼Æ¶q¤W¨Ó¬Ý¡A¥§¡¨C¤ë6¦¸¡A¨ä¤¤ÁÙ¥]¬A¾Ç¥Í¥H¥~ªº¤H¥K¡A¦]¦¹¡A¨ä¥Øªº©Ê²[¸q¤´µM¤£°÷¥R¥÷¡C¤WzÆ[ÂI¶È¥Ñ¥Ø¼Ð¸s¡X¡X¾Ç¥ÍªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡AY¥Ñ¥Í²£ªÌ¡X¡X¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡A¥Ñ©ó¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦Û³\»P³Q´Á«Ý©w¦ì©ó¡u¾Ç³N¬ã¨s¡v¡A¨ä°ÑÆ[¬¡°ÊÓý¥H¾Ç¥Í¬°³Ì¦h¡A¦]¦¹¨Ã¤£¨ã¦³¥Øªº©Ê²[¸q¡C
¡@¥DÃD®Ñ®i¡G¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¥DÃD®Ñ®i¤j¦h¨C¤ë©w´Á¨Ì¥DÃD®i¥X¹Ï®Ñ¨ä¥DÃD¥Dn°t¦X®É¨Æ¡A¬F¥O«Å¾É©ÎÀ]ÂïS¦â¡C®Ñ®i¦aÂI¦b¥X¤JºÞ¨î¤fªº«á¤è¨â°¼³B¡C¥Ñ©ó®i¥Xªº¦aÂI¦b¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡A®i¥Xª«¬°¹Ï®Ñ¡A¨âªÌ§¡¦³§Îªº¡A¦]¦¹¡A¥DÃD®Ñ®i¨ã¦³¦³§Îªº²[¸q¡C¥Ñ©ó¥DÃD®Ñ®i°t¦X®É¨Æ¡A¬F¥O«Å¾É©ÎÀ]ÂïS¦â¡A¨ã¦³«P¾P§@¥Î¡A¬G¨ã¦³³q¸ôªº¦æ¾P²Õ¦X²[¸q¡C¦ý¥Ñ©ó®Ñ®i©Ò¦bªº¦ì¸m¡A¥¿I¹ï¥X¤JºÞ¨î¤fªº¦ì¸m¡A¶i¥hªº¤H«Ü¤Ö·|ª`·N¨ì¡A¥u¦³¦b¥X¨Ó®É¤~¤ñ¸û·|ª`·N¨ì¡C¦]¦¹¡A¨ä³q¸ôªº¦³§Îªº²[¸q¡A´N¤j¥´§é¦©¡A¤]³s±a¼vÅT¨ä¦æ¾P²Õ¦X²[¸q¡C¹Ï®Ñ¨S¦³¤ÀÃþ¸¹¡A¤]¨S¦³¼Ð¥Ü»¡©ú¦ó®É¥i¥XÉ¡A¹ïŪªÌ¦Ó¨¥¡A¥i»¡¯Ê¥F¥Øªº©Ê²[¸q¡C¬[¤lªºÃC¦â¬°¶Â¦â¡Aµ¹¤H¶Â¨I¨Iªº·Pı¡A¦p§ï¬°¦³ÂI«GÄRªºÃC¦â¡A¸û©ö§l¤ÞŪªÌ±µªñ¡C¾ãӮѮiªºÂ\³]¡Aµ¹¤H¦n¹³¤@¸s§¤¦b§NªO¹¹ªº²yû¡Aµ¥«Ý§O¤H©I³êªº·Pı¡I
¥î¡Bµ²½×»P«Øij
Á`¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A¤Wz¤TÓӮפjP§¡¨ã¦³¦³§Îªº²[¸q¡A¤]¦³µL§Îªº²[¸q¡A¦ý¤j¦hÃø¥H¹F¦¨¥Øªº©Ê²[¸q¡C¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¸ê·½Â×´I¡A§¹¾ã¦Ó¦³»ùÈ¡A¦p¯àÂǥѱÀ¼s¬¡°Ê¡A±N¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¸ê·½»PªA°È¡A±À¼s¥X¥h¡A¹ê¦b¬OªÀ·|»PÀ]¥~ŪªÌ¤§ºÖ¡C¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]Yn±N¨ä¸ê·½»PªA°È¡A¦³®Ä±À¼s¥X¥h¡A¹ê¶·¥[±j¦æ¾P¡Aª`·N§ïµ½³q¸ô¡A¯÷±q¤U¦C¤C¤è±´£¥X«Øij¡G
1. ¥D°Ê©Ê¡G¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº±À¼s¬¡°Ê¡A¥Dn¬O°t¦X¨ä¥L³æ¦ì¡A©Î°t¦X¬ÛÃö¬¡°Ê¦ÓÁ|¿ì¡A¬Æ¤Ö¥Ñ¦Û¤vÁ|¿ì¡C¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥i¯à¥Ñ©ó¬Æ¤Ö¥Ñ¦Û¤vÁ|¿ì¡A¥HP¯Ê¥F¿n·¥¥D°Êªººë¯«¡C¤µ«á¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]Y¯à¥H¿n·¥¥D°Êªººë¯«¥h¿ì±À¼s¬¡°Ê¡A¬Û«H¤@©w¦³«Ü¦nªº¦¨ÁZ¡C
2. ¾ãÅé³W¹º¡G¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº±À¼s¬¡°Ê¥Ñ¦U²Õ¦Û¦æ¿ì²z¡A¯Ê¥F¾ãÅé³W¹º¡A¥HP¤O¶q¤À´²¡A¸ê·½¨S¦³¥R¥÷ªº¹B¥Î¡A±À¼s¬¡°Êªº¦¨®Ä¡A¦]¦¹´NÃø¥Hµo´§¥X¨Ó¡CY¯àÀH®É¦]À³Ó§Oªº±À¼s¬¡°Ê¡A¦¨¥ß±À¼s¬¡°Ê±M®×¤p²Õ¡A¨Ã¬°¿Ñ¨D±À¼s¬¡°Êªºªø´Áµo®i»PÁ|¿ì¡A¦¨¥ß±À¼s¬¡°Ê±À°Ê»P¬ã¨s¤p²Õ¡A¾ãÅé³W¹º¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº±À¼s¬¡°Ê¡A¬Û«H¥²¯à²£¥Í¾ãÅ骺¤O¶q¡A§â±À¼s¬¡°Ê¿ì¦n¡C
3. Âê©w¥Ø¼Ð¥«³õ¡G¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥H¦³ªº¤H¤O©M¸ê·½¡A¹êÃø¥H¥þ¥Á¬°¨äªA°È¹ï¶H¡C¦P®É¡A¤j¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]µ¥¦UÃþ¹Ï§¡¦³¨ä¯S©wªºªA°È¹ï¶H¡A¦Ó¥BµL½×±q¦æ¾P©Î¹Ï®ÑÀ]¾ÇÆ[ÂI¡A³]©wªA°È¹ï¶H¦P¬°ºnªº¦Ò¶q¡C¦]¦¹³]©w¥Ø¼ÐŪªÌ¡X¡X¯S©wªºªA°È¹ï¶H¡A¹ê¬°¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]·í°È¤§«æ¡C³]©w¥Ø¼ÐŪªÌ¤§«á¡A«Kn¶i¦æ½Õ¬d¨Ã¤ÀªR¥Ø¼ÐŪªÌªº»Ý¨D¡A¥H«K¶i¤@¨BÂê©w¥Ø¼ÐŪªÌ¡A´£¨Ñ¾A·íªºªA°È¡C¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]¿ì²z±À¼s¬¡°Ê¡AY¯àÂê©w¥Ø¼ÐŪªÌ¡A¤~¯à¶°¤¤¦³ªº¤H¤O©M¸ê·½¡A¥æ¥X¨}¦nªºÁZ®Ä¨Ó¡C
4. ¹ê¬IÀˮ֨î«×¡G©Ò¿×¥¢±Ñ¬°¦¨¥\¤§¥À¡A¿ì²z±À¼s¬¡°Ê¤£©È¥¢±Ñ¡A³Ì©È¨Æ«á¨S¦³¸g¹LÀˮ֡C¨s³º±À¼s¬¡°Ê¿ì²z¦³¨S¦³¦¨®Ä¡A¦³¨S¦³¶i¨B¡AY¨Æ«á¤£¥[¥HÀˮ֡A¦ÛµM´N¤£±o¦Óª¾¡A¤]Ãø±æ¦³¦ó§ïµ½¡C¥Ø«e¦æ¾P¨ã¦³¦UºØp¤À¥d»P¦æ¾PÀô¹Òªº½]®Ö¤èªkµ¥¡A¹ï¦æ¾PªºÁZ®Ä»P¬¡°Ê¡A¥[¥HÀˮ֡C¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥i¥H¥R¥÷¥[¥H¹B¥Î¡A°t¦X¹ê¬IÀˮ֨î«×¡A¨Ï¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº±À¼s¬¡°Ê¡A¤£Â_ªº¶i¨B©M_§§¡C
5. µ½¥Îºô¸ô¶Ç¼½¡G¥Ø«eºô¸ô¬ì§Þ¤é·s¤ë²§¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]¶}©ñ®É¶¡¡A¸ê®Æªº¹B¥Î¡A³vº¥µ¹ºô¸ô¬ì§Þ©Ò¬ï¶V¡C¤µ«á¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºªA°È¡A¥ç±N¬ï³z¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªºªùÀð¡A´£¨Ñµ¹¦w§¤®a¤¤ªºÅªªÌ¡C¬Y¤½¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]¿ì²z±À¼s¬¡°Ê¡A©yµ½¥Îºô¸ô¶Ç¼½¡AÅý±À¼s¬¡°Ê°e¨ì¦w§¤®a¤¤ªºÅªªÌ¡C¹B¥Îºô¸ô¶Ç¼½¡A¤£¶È¶Ç°e±À¼s¬¡°Êªº°T®§¡A¦Ó¥Bn¦Ò¶q»P³]p±N±À¼s¬¡°Êªº¤º²[¡A¶Ç°eµ¹ÅªªÌ¡C¨Ò¦p°ê¤º¤@¨Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡A¦w¸Ë¾ÉÄý¨t²Î¡A¥u¯à¦bÀ]¤º¬Ý¡A¦p¯à¦bºô¸ô¤W¬Ý¡A¤@¤è±¤è«KŪªÌ¦b®a¤¤Æ[¬Ý¡A¥t¤@¤è±¤]¥i¸`¬Ù¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¤H¤O¡A¨ÃÁקK¤zÂZÀ]¤ºªºÅªªÌ¡C
6. °µ¦n¤è®×³]p¡G¤è®×³]p¬O¹ê»Ú¦æ°Êªºp¹º»PÂŹϡC¦pªG¨S¦³§â¤è®×³]p°µ¦n¡A¤@¤Á³£·|¸¨ªÅ¡C¤Wz¤¶µ«Øij¡G¡u¥D°Ê©Ê¡B¾ãÅé³W¹º¡BÂê©w¥Ø¼Ð¥«³õ¡Bµ½¥Îºô¸ô¶Ç¼½¡v¡AY¨S¦³¿Ä¤J¤è®×ªº³]p¤§¤¤¡A¥u¬OªÅ¸Ü¡AµLªk²£¥Í§@¥Î¡C¦P®É¡A¦b¤è®×ªº³]p¤§¤¤¡AY¯à¹ê½î¤Wz³q¸ôªº·§©À»P²[¸q¡A¨ÃÁקK¤Wz¤TӮתº¯ÊÂI¡A¬Û«H¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥²¯à¡u´x´¤³q¸ô¡A¥D®_¾Ô³õ¡v!
7. ¹ª»R¤g®ð¡A§ïÅÜÁZ®Äµû©w¼Ð·Ç¡A§JªA¤£Ä@¸I¨ìªù®xY¥«ªº®£Äß¡G¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¥DºÞ³q±`³£¤£Ä@¨£¨ìªù¥iù³¶ªº±¡§Î¡A¦ý¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº©Ó¿ìªº¤Hû¡A©¹©¹¤£Ä@¸I¨ìªù®xY¥«ªºª¬ªp¡C°Êª«¶é¤Î³Õª«À]ªù®xY¥«¥i¥HÁȶi¤j§â¶r²¼¡A´£°ªÁZ®Ä»P¼úª÷¡A¦ý¨ä¥LªÀ±Ð¾÷ºc¦p¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡A¥i¯à¥u¦³´£°ª¤u§@¶q¡A¦]¦¹¡A³o¥i¯à¬O¨ä¥LªÀ±Ð¾÷ºc¦p¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡A¤£Ä@¿n·¥¶i¦æ¾Pªº®Ú¥»ì¦]¡In§JªA¤WzÄpµ²¡A«Øij¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥DºÞ¹ª»R¤g®ð¡A¤ä´©¤H¤O¡A¨Ã¨Ì¤u§@¶q»PŪªÌ¶q¡A¨Óµû©wÁZ®Ä¡C¡]§@ªÌ¬°¥»À]¨åÂòղÕû¡^
³°¡B°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ
³¢ÄR¬Â¡]¥Á86¡^¡C¹Ï®ÑÀ]»P¦æ¾PºÞ²z¼Ò¦¡¡C¹Ï®ÑÀ]¾Ç»P¸ê°T¬ì¾Ç¡A23¨÷2´Á¡A¶ 90¡C
«ä¯¾Ä¶¡APhilip Kotler¡® Eduardo L. RobertoìµÛ¡]¥Á84¡^¡C«Ø¥ßºZ¾PµL¤ñªº¶Ç¾PºÞ¹D¡AÄAÂФj¥¼¨Ó¡C¥x¥_¥«¡G°Ó©P¤å¤Æ¡A¶201¡C
°ªµn²ÄĶ¡APhilip KotlerµÛ¡]¥Á89¡^¡C¬ì¯S°Ç½Í¦æ¾P¡X¡X¦p¦ó³Ð³y¡BŨú¨Ã¥D®_¥«³õ¡C¥x¥_¥«¡G»·¬y¡A¶142¡C
¥v¤[²ú¡]¥Á80¡^¡C²L½Í¤j¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¦æ¾P¤u§@¡C¹Ï®ÑÀ]ºÞ²z¾Ç³ø¡A3¨÷¡A¶23¡C
³\¼z¦p¡]¥Á82¡^¡C¦pªG¹Ï®ÑÀ]¹³«~µP¡X¡X²L½Í¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦æ¾P¡A®Ñ©²¡A14¨÷¡A¶69¡C
ÁÂÄ_´D¡]¥Á98¡^¡C¦æ¾P¹Ï®ÑÀ]»P¸ê°TªA°È¡C¹Ï®Ñ»P¸ê°T¾Ç¥Z¡A27´Á¡A¶51¡C
¡@
²L½Í·s¥@¬ö¹Ï®ÑÀ]À]ûªºÀu½èªA°ÈÆ[
ªLªü¸
³ü¡B «e¨¥
¬ü°ê²{¥N¸Ö¤H¡Aõ¾Ç®a®á¶ð¨È¯Ç»¡¹L¡u½Ö©¿µø¥¼¨Ó¡A½Ö´N±N«_³à¥¢¥¼¨Óªº·ÀI¡v¡A ¤Ü¤@¥@¬öªº¨ÓÁ{¡A¬On¥Î´¼¼z¨Ó«üÂI¥¼¨Ó¡A¥¼¨Ó¬O¤@Ó¡uª¾ÃÑ»ùȪºªÀ·|¡v¡A¥ç§Y¬O¥Rº¡ª¾ÃÑ©M´¼¼zªºªÀ·|¡A¦h¥Î´¼¼z©Mª¾ÃÑ¡A¤~·|¨ü¤H´L·q¡C¥¼¨Ó¡Aª¾ÃѱN¦û«nªº¦a¦ì¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬Oª¾ÃѪº¤ô®w¡A¤]¬O¡uª¾ÃѺ޲z¡vªº©Ò¦b¡A¬O¬G¡AÀ]û¨¤¦â¤]¥Ñ³Q°Êªº¸ê°T»`¶°ªÌ¡A´£ª@¨ì¥D°Ê´£¨Ñ¸ê°TªA°Èªº¡uª¾ÃÑ»â¯èªÌ¡v¡C
¶L¡B¦]À³·s¥@¬ö¸ê°T®É¥N¹Ï®ÑÀ]À]ûÀ³¦³ªº¾Ç²ßºA«×
ÀHµÛ¦h´CÅé¸ê°T®É¥Nªº¨ÓÁ{¡AÀ]û¶·n¾Ç²ß±q¶Ç²Îªº¡B³Q°Ê©Êªº¾Ç²ßÂàÅܬ°¹w´ú©Êªº¡B¥D°Ê©Êªº¤Î°Ñ»P©Êªº¾Ç²ß¡A¦p¦ó¯à¥H¼Æ¦ì¤Æªº¸ê°TªA°È¨Óº¡¨¬ÅªªÌªº¸ê°T»Ý¨D¡A¬OÀ]ûÀ³¦³ªº¾Ç²ßºA«×¡G
¤@¡B¾Ç²ß¦p¦ó¦¬¶°¸ê°T¡G
1. ¿i½m¸ê°T·P«×¡G®Ú¾Ú¦Û¤vªº·Pı¡A¿W³Ð¦³·®æªºÅé¨t¤Æ¸ê°T¡A¨Ï¤§µÞ¥Í¿Ë¤Á·P¡A¹ï©ó¤u§@¤W¦³Ãö³sªº¸ê°T¡A¦b¦¬¶°©Î§Q¥Îªº¤èªk¤W¡A³£n²`¤J¬ã¨s¡A¥B«µø¸ê°Tªº²`«×¤Î¼s«×¡An¥H¥@¬ÉÆ[ªº¤ßºA¥h¦¬¶°¡A¸ê°Tn¯à¬¡¥Î¡A¨Ã¥BÁקK³´¤J¦UºØ¸ê°Tªººx´õ·í¤¤¡C
2. ¦¬¶°¸ê°Tªº¤ßºA¡Gn¾Ö¦³¦n©_¤ß¡A¨Ã¹ï¸ê°T¥[¤u¡A¦h¦ù®i¦Û¤vªºÄ²¨¤¡A¦h±µ¨ü·s¤u§@ªº¬D¾Ô¡A¤£¬È¤u§@¶qªº¼W¥[¡A¥H¹F¨ì¦¨ªøªº¹Ò¬É¡C
¤G¡B¾Ç²ß¦p¦ó®M¥X¸ê°T¡G
1. ¾Ç²ß¸¦Õªø¥Øªºµ´§Þ¡G¶·¥H¦Û¤vªºÅéÅ笰¤¤¤ß¡A¥H¶°¤¤¤O¡B¤Á¨·P¨Ó¨Ï¸ê°T¤º®e´I¦³¬¡¤O¡A¤£n±w¤FÀY¸£¯Ê¤Öºû¥L©R¯g¡A¨Ã¥[±j»P¤H±µÄ²ªº¤f¡B¦Õ·¾³q¥H§l¨ú¥L¤H¬Ã¶QªºÅéÅç¸ê°T¡C
2. §@Ó°ª©úªºÅ¥²³¡GÁקKº|Å¥¡BÅ¥¿ù¦Ó¤Þµo¤@¨Ç¤£¥²n¤§»~¸Ñ¡A¨ä³Z¬¬°¡G
¡@§ì¦í»¡¸ÜªÌªºnÂI¡A¨Ã°O¤U³Æ§Ñ¿ý¡B¤@±Å¥¡A¤@±°O¿ý¡B§@¾ã²z¡A²M·¡¦a¤À¶}¨Æ¹ê»P·N¨£¡AÁקK¤Þµo¤£¥²nªº¤H»ÚÃö«YªÈ¯É¡C
¡@»â®©¨¥¥~¤§·N¡A¥J²ÓÆ[¹î»¡¸ÜªÌªº»y½Õ©ÎºA«×¡A¥HºN²M¹ï¤èªº¯u·N¡AY¥H¡eYES¡f¶}ÀY¡AµM«áªþ±a¡eBUT¡fªº»y¥y¡A³q±`¹ï¤è¦b¡eBUT¡f¤§¤U¡A¤~¬O¯u¥¿·N«äªºªí¹F©Î«D¥¿¦¡ªº«n¸ê°T¡C
¡@¥H¶ÉÅ¥¡B¦P²z¤ß¹ï«Ý¡AÃö¤ß¨Ã¾Õ¥ÎªÏÅé»y¨¥¡A¨Ï¤§·P¨ü¨ì¦Û¤v¹ï¥Lªº«H¿à»P«µø¡AÅý¥L´£¥XÃD¥~¸Ü¡A¨Ã¤F¸Ñ©¶¥~¤§µ¡C
°Ñ¡B·s¥@¬ö¹Ï®ÑÀ]À]ûÀu½èªA°È
¡@¡@ªºÆ[©À
©Ò¿×Àu½èªA°È¡A§Y¬O¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤u§@¤Hû¯à§_¬°ÅªªÌ³Ð³y½è»P¶qªºÀu½èªA°È±ø¥ó¡GÀ]û»PŪªÌ¦b³Ìµu®É¶¡ªº±µÄ²¤¤¡A¯à§_ºòºò§ì¦íŪªÌªº¤ß²z»Ý¨D¤Î¿Eµo¥XŪªÌ¦V¬Y¤@»â°ìÆp¬ãªº¼ö±¡¡A¨Ã¶¡±µ¦a¼W±jŪªÌ¶}©Ýªººë¯«¡A±q¦Ó¨ÏŪªÌ¯à±y¹C©ó®Ñ®üùØ¡A¤@±´¦t©z¶ø¯µ¡B³³¾K©óÃÀ³N·µ°ó¨Ã»P¥j¸t¥ý½å¯«¥æ¡B¹ï¸Üªº¹Ò¬É¸Ì¡I
¸v¡Bµ²½×
·s¥@¬öÀ]ûªº¨¤¦â¤£¶È¬O«Å¶Çû¡A¼ô¿Ú¦Û§Ú¦æ¾Pªº§Þ¥©¡A¦P®É¤]¬O»²¾Éû¡A¤£¦ýn¤F¸ÑŪªÌ¦b¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¤ß²z¬¡°Ê¡A¿Ä¤JŪªÌªº¤ß²z»Ý¨D»P·P¨ü¡A¨Ã¤Þ¾ÉŪªÌ¦hŪ®Ñ¡BŪ¦n®Ñ¡A¤Æ³Q°Ê¬°¥D°Êªº¥þ±ªA°Èºë¯«¡A¼ô±x¦Û¤vªº·~°È¡G¥H¤u§@¼ö§Õ¡B¼sªx¦ÓÂ×´Iªºª¾ÃÑ¡A¤£Â_ªº¥D°Ê¾Ç²ß¡A¨Ó°µ¦nÀu½èªºªA°È¤u§@¡AÅýŪªÌ¼Ö¦b¨ä¤¤¡A¦b®Ñ®ü¸Ì¦³Æ[¥j¤µ©ó¶·ªØ¡A¼¾¥|®ü©ó¤@Àþªº·P¨ü¡A¨Ãµ²¦XÂ×´I¦h¤¸ªº¼Æ¦ì¤Æ¸ê°TªA°È¡A¨Ó¥[±jŪªÌªA°È¡F¥¼¨Ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]§ón¥H¥D°Ê¥XÀ»ªººë¯«¡A¨Ó«Ø¥ß¦X§@¼Ò¦¡¡A¨Ã¨«¦V°ê»Ú¤Æ»P§OÀ]¥æ¬y¡A¥H§ó¶}©ñ¡B§ó¦X§@ªº¤è¦¡¹ê¦æÀ]»Ú¥åÉ¡A¥H¹F¨ìª¾ÃѤÀ¨É¡B¸ê·½¦@¨Éªº²z·Q¹Ò¬É¡C¡]§@ªÌ¬°¥»À]±Ä¿ý²Õ²Õû¡^
°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm
1. ¶{´f¬uµÛ [¥¼¨Ó¾Ç]¡A¥x¥_¥«¡G³Õ»·¡A¥Á82 P45-46, P64-65.
2. ³¯ºa«TµÛ [ª¾ÃѪº§®¼p®v]-¬¡¥Î¤u§@¸ê°T¤§¹D¡A¥x¥_¥«¡G¥®·à¡A¥Á81¡A¤G¦L P94-97, P100-103, P120-122.
3.±i¤¸¿\¡B©Ð²Q¯Âµ¥µÛ [ŪªÌ¤ß²z¾Ç] ¡A¥_¨Ê¡G¾Çb¡A¥Á89 P6-7.
¹Ï®Ñ¤¬ÉªA°ÈÂX¤j¿ì²z
¬°¥[±j»P°ê¤º¨ä¥L¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤§¦X§@Ãö«Y¡A«P¶i¹Ï®Ñ¸ê°T¤§¥æ¬y¡A¥»®Õ¹Ï®ÑÀ]·~»P»OÆW¤j¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡B¬Fªv¤j¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥æ´«É®ÑÃÒ¤¬É¹Ï®Ñ¡A¨Ã¦Û¤E¤Q¦~¤T¤ë¤@¤é°_»P¥@·s¤j¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦X§@¡A¿ì²zÀ]»Ú¹Ï®Ñ¤¬ÉªA°È¡A¤Z¥»®Õ±Ð¾û¥Í¬Ò¥i¥Ó½ÐɥΦX§@À]¤§É®ÑÃҦܸÓÀ]ɮѡC¥»®Õ¾Ç¥Í«ù¾Ç¥ÍÃÒ¡A½s¨î¤º±M¥ô±Ð¾û¤u«ùªA°ÈÃÒ¡A§¡¥i©ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]ÉÁٮѮɶ¡¦ÜÁ`À]¤@¼Ó¥X¯Ç¥x©Î²z¾Ç°|¤ÀÀ]¥X¯Ç¥xɥΦU¦X§@¹Ï®ÑÀ]É®ÑÃÒ¡C±Ä¿Ë¦Ûɮѿ˦ÛÁٮѤ覡¿ì²z¡A¨C±iÉ®ÑÃÒ¥iɮѤ¥U¡AÉ´Á¨â¶g¡A¤£±o¹w¬ù¤ÎÄòÉ¡CɥΤH¶·©óɥΤé°_¤TÓ¤u§@¤Ñ¤º¡]§tɥΤé¡^¥æÁÙÉ®ÑÃÒ¡C
ª¾ÃѺ޲z¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]»P
±Ð¨|§ï²±MÃDºtÁ¿
¨É¦³°ê»ÚÁn±æ¤§¹Ï®ÑÀ]¾ÇªÌ§õµØ°¶³Õ¤h¨ü¹Ï®ÑÀ]»P±Ð¨|¾Ç¨tÁܽЪð¦^¥À®Õ°ÑÆ[³X°Ý¡A©ó¤E¤Q¦~¤T¤ë¤G¤Q¤é¤U¤È¤T®É¤®É¡A°²ºî¦X¤j¼Ó°ê»Ú·|ijÆUÁ¿ºt¡uª¾ÃѺ޲z¡E¹Ï®ÑÀ]»P±Ð¨|§ï²¡v¡C§õ³Õ¤h°w¹ïª¾ÃѺ޲zªº·N¸q»P¥Ø¼Ð¡Bª¾ÃѺ޲z»P¸ê°TºÞ²z¤§²§¦P¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]©Mª¾ÃѺ޲zªºÃö«Y¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦bª¾ÃѺ޲z¤¤ªº¨¤¦â¡B±Ð¨|»P¾Ç²ßªºÅܤơB±Ð¾Ç¤è¦¡ªº§ïÅܵ¥¸Ô¥[»¡©ú¡A´£¥XºëÅPªº¨£¸Ñ¡A¹ïÅ¥Á¿ªÌ¦h©Ò¹ªÀy»P±Òµo¡C±çÀ]ªø«í¥¿³Ì«á±qª¾ÃѦ@¨É¡B°ê»Ú¤Æµo®i¡BŪªÌªA°È¾É¦V¤T¤è±°µµ²½×¡C
¤j¤¤µØ·s»D¸ê®Æ®wµ¥´£¨Ñ§K¶O¸Õ¥Î
¤U¦C¸ê®Æ®w´£¨Ñ§K¶O¸Õ¥Î¡A¥i¶i¤J¹Ï®ÑÀ]ºô¶¥Ñ¸ê®Æ®wÀ˯Á¶µ¬dÀ˧Q¥Î¡G
¡@¤j¤¤µØ·s»D¸ê®Æ®w¡]Wisenews¡^¡G¦¬¿ý¥xÆW¡B»´ä¡B¿Dªù¤Î¤j³°350¦hºØ³ø¯È¡BÂø»x¤Îºô¯¸¤§·s»D¸ê°T¡A¨t²Î¥\¯à¥]¬A¤ÀÃþ·s»DÂsÄý¡B¸ê®ÆÀ˯Á¡B¦Û¦æ³]©w¿³½ìÃþ§Oµ¥¡C¡]¸Õ¥Î´Á¦Ü90¦~4¤ë©³¤î¡^
¡@ERIC±Ð¨|¬ã¨s¸ê®Æ®w¤¤¤å¤¶±¡G¥]§t¤¤¡B^¤å¤¶±¬d¸ß¡A¨Ã´£¨ÑÀ]Âósµ²¬d¸ß¤ÎEducation Complete¥þ¤å´Á¥Z¡B¤¤¤å¥DÃDµü¡B¥Xª©ªÀºô¯¸¬d¸ßµ¥¥\¯à¡C¡]¸Õ¥Î´Á¦Ü90¦~4¤ë©³¤î¡^
¡@OCLC First Search Featured Database: OCLC¦Û¤E¤Q¦~¤T¤ë°_±À¥XFeatured Database¡A¨C¤ë´£¨Ñ¤@ºØ§K¶O¨Ï¥Î¤§¸ê®Æ®w¡A¤T¤ë¥÷¬°PAIS International¡A¥|¤ë¥÷¬°Article First¡C
´¶³q¾\Äý«Ç¼W¥[¶}©ñ®É¶¡
°t¦X¥»¾Ç´Á´Á¤¤¦Ò´Á¶¡¦P¾Ç¾\Ū»Ýn¡A¤E¤Q¦~¥|¤ë¤E¤é¤W¤È¤K®É°_¦Ü¤G¤Q¤é±ß¤W¤Q¤G®É¤î¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]Á`À]¤Î²z¤ÀÀ]´¶³q¾\Äý«Ç¤G¤Q¥|¤p®É¥þ¤ÑÔ¶}©ñ¡A¨C¤éâ±á¤G®É¤Î¤®É¨Ã¥Ñ®ÕĵÅ@°e¦P¾Çªð¦^±JªÙ¡C¬°´£¨ÑŪªÌ§ó¦nªº¾\ÄýªA°È¡A¤E¤Q¦~¥|¤ë¤G¤é¦Ü¥|¤ë¤¤é¬K°²´Á¶¡¡A´¶³q¾\Äý«Ç¦Û¤W¤È¤K®É¦Ü¤U¤È¤»®É¶}©ñ¨Ñ¨Ï¥Î¡F¦Û¥|¤ë°_°ê©w°²¤é´¶³q¾\Äý«Ç¥ç±N¶}©ñªA°È¡C
±Ð¨|½×¤å½u¤W¸ê®Æ®w¥¿¦¡±Ò¥Î
¥»®Õ¹Ï®ÑÀ]»P¦U®v½d®Õ°|¹Ï®ÑÀ]¦X§@«Ø¸m¤§±Ð¨|½×¤å½u¤W¸ê®Æ®w¡]EdD Online¡^©ó¤E¤Q¦~¤G¤ë¤G¤Q¤»¤é°²¹Ï®ÑÀ]°ê»Ú·|ijÆUÁ|¿ìµoªí·|¡A¥Ñ²®ÕªøZµo¥D«ù¡A±çÀ]ªø«í¥¿³ø§i¨t²Î«Ø¸m·§ªp¡A·|³õ³Æ¦³¤»¥x¹q¸£®i¥Ü¨t²Î¥\¯à¡A¨Ã´£¨Ñ»P·|ªÌ¹ê»Ú¾Þ§@¡C®Õ¤º¥~¶Q»«»ô»E¡Aªá¹ÎÀAÁL¡A´CÅ骧¬Û³ø¾É¡A¬°EdD Online¼W²KµL¤ñ¥ú±m¡C¸Ó¸ê®Æ®w¦¬¿ý¤º®e²[»\¥Á°ê¥|¤Q¤»¦~¦Ü¤µµn¸ü©ó¤¤¤å´Á¥Z¡B¾Ç³ø¡B³ø¯È¡B½×¤å¶°µ¥¤§±Ð¨|©Ê½×¤å¡A¨ã³ÆÀ]Âøê®Æ³sµ²¬d¸ß¡B±Ð¨|±MÃD¿ïºéªA°È¡B±Ð¨|¤åÄm¶Ç»¼ªA°È¡B±Ð¨|µü®w¬d¸ßµ¥¥\¯à¡A¥H§ó«K±¶ªº¤è¦¡´£¨Ñ®Õ¤º¥~ŪªÌ§Q¥Î¡C
¥Ñ»OÆW®v¤j¹Ï®ÑÀ]ºô¶¡]http://www.ntnu.edu.tw/lib¡^¡u±Ð¨|½×¤å½u¤W¸ê®Æ®w¡v©Î¡u¸ê®Æ®wÀ˯Á¡v¶µ§Y¥i¶i¤J¬d¸ß¡C¯÷±N¨ä¥\¯à¤¶²Ð¦p¦¸¡G
¡@ ²©ö¼Ò¦¡¬d¸ß
1. ¬d¸ßµe±¤À¬°¤T¤j³¡¤À¡G³Ì¤W¼h¦C¥X¤@¨Ç¥Dnªº¥\¯àÁä¡B¤¤¶¡¬O¿é¤J¬d¸ß±ø¥óªº¬d¸ß°Ï¡A³Ì¤U¼h¬OÅã¥Ü®æ¦¡ªº³]©w°Ï¡C
2. ©ó¤£©wÄæ¦ì¡B½g¦W¡B§@ªÌ¡BÃöÁä¦rµ¥¶µ¿é¤JÀ˯Á±ø¥ó«á¡AÂI¿ï¡§°õ¦æÀ˯Á¡¨§Y¥i¶i¦æ¸ê®Æ¬dÀË¡C
3. ¥i§Q¥Î¨CÓÀ˯ÁÄæ¦ì¥kÃ䪺¤U©Ô¿ï³æ AND¡BOR¡BNOT ²Õ¦X¤@Ó¥H¤WªºÀ˯Á±ø¥ó¡C
4. ÂI¿ï°õ¦æÀ˯ÁÁä¡A¦AÂI¿ïÅã¥Üµ²ªGÁä«á¡AÀ˯Áµ²ªG´N¥ß§YÅã¥Ü©óµe±¤W¡C
¡@ ¶i¶¥¼Ò¦¡¬d¸ß
1. ¦b²©ö¼Ò¦¡¬d¸ßµe±ÂI¿ï¶i¶¥¼Ò¦¡¬d¸ß§Y¥i¤Á´«¦Ü¶i¶¥¼Ò¦¡¡C
2. ©ó¸ê®Æ¬d¸ß°Ï¿é¤JÀ˯Á±ø¥ó«á¡A©Ô¶}¥kÃ䪺Äæ¦ì¿ï¶µ¿ï¾Ü½g¦W¡B§@ªÌ¡BÃöÁä¦rµ¥§Y¥i¶i¦æ¬dÀË¡C
3. ¥i§Q¥Î¨CÓÀ˯ÁÄæ¦ì¥ªÃ䪺¤U©Ô¿ï³æ AND¡BOR¡BNOT ²Õ¦X¤@Ó¥H¤WªºÀ˯Á±ø¥ó¡C
4. ¬dÀ˨BÆJ»P¤@¯ë¼Ò¦¡¬Û¦P¡C
¡@ ¶}±Ò¯Á¤Þ¬d¸ß
1. ©óÀ˯Áµe±ÂI¿ïÂsÄý¯Á¤Þ¡A¶}±ÒÂsÄý¯Á¤ÞªºÀ˯Áµe±¡C
2. ©Ô¶}¥ªÃ䪺¯Á¤Þªí¡AÂI¿ï±ýÂsÄýªºÄæ¦ì¡AÂsÄý¸ÓÄæ¦ìªº¯Á¤Þ©ÎÁä¤J±ýÀ˯Á¸ê®Æªº«e´XÓ¦r¡C
3. ¯Á¤Þªí¤¤¨C¤@µ§ÂŦâµe©³½uªº¸ê®Æ¥i¥Hª½±µÂI¿ïÅã¥Ü¤º®e¡A¥i¿ï¨ú¦hµ§¦P®É¬d¾\¡C
¡@ Åã¥Ü®æ¦¡
1. ¸ê®ÆÅã¥Üµe±±Ä¨â¼h¡G²¥Ø»P¸Ô¥Ø¡AÅã¥Üªº®æ¦¡¥i¥Ñ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³]©w¡C
2. ¨t²Î¹w³]¬°Â²nÄæ¦ì®æ¦¡¡Aª½±µÂI¿ï¡yÅã¥Ü¸Ô¥Ø¡z¶s¡A«K±Nµe±¤Á´«¦Ü¸Ô²ÓÄæ¦ì®æ¦¡¡C
¡@ ¨ä¥L³sµ²
¦b¸Ô¥ØÅã¥Üªºµe±¿ï¾Ü¨ä¥L³sµ²¤§¹Ï¥Ü¥H°õ¦æ¦U¶µ³sµ²¥\¯à¡G
¡@ ¥þ¤å¼v¹³Åã¥Ü
1. ¥þ¤å±Ä PDF ®æ¦¡¡A²Ä¤@¦¸¨Ï¥Î¶·¥ý¦w¸Ë PDF ¬Ý¹Ïµ{¦¡¡A½ÐÂI¿ï
2. ¦b¸Ô¥ØÅã¥Üªºµe±¤W¡A¸g§@ªÌ¦P·N±ÂÅv¶}©ñªº¤åÄm¡A¥þ¤å¼v¹³ªºÄæ¦ì¤W³£¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¸ê®Æ§eÂŦâµe¦³©³½u¡C
3. ª½±µ¥Î·Æ¹«ÂI¿ï¥þ¤å¼v¹³¤@Äæ¡A«K·|Åã¥Ü¥X¼v¹³¡CÂI¿ïÂsÄý¾¹¤W¤@¶¥\¯à¡A§Y¦^¨ì®Ñ¥ØÅã¥Ü¡C
¡@ ¸ê®Æ¤U¸ü
1. ±N¬d¸ßµ²ªGÅã¥Üªºµe±©Ô¨ì¶§À¡A¦b¸ê®Æ¿é¥Xªº¿ï³æ¤¤¿ï¾Ü¡y¤U¸ü¦sÀÉ¡z©Î¡y¤U¸ü¦L¥X¡z©Î¡y¸ê®Æ±H¦^¡z¡C
2. ÂI¿ï¡G¥»¶¥þ³¡ ¡þ¥»¶¥´¤Ä¡þ©Ò¦³¥´¤Ä¡þ¥»¦¸À˯Áµ²ªG¨ä¤¤¤@ºØ¸ê®Æ¿é¥Xªº½d³ò
¡@ ±Ð¨|µü®w¬d¸ß
1. ©óÀ˯Áµe±¤U¤èÂI¿ï¶s©Î¬O¦b¨C¤@µ§¸ê®Æ¸Ô¥ØÅã¥Üªºµe±¤W¡AÂI¿ï¹Ï¥Ü¡A¶}±Ò±Ð¨|µü®w¬d¸ßµe±¡A°Ñ¦Ò¨t²Î´£¨Ñ¤§µü·J¡C
2. Áä¤J±ý¬d¸ßªºµü·J¡AµM«áÂI¿ï§ä´MÁä¡A¨t²Î·|±Nµü®w¤¤¥]§tªº¬ÛÃöµü·J¦C¥X¡C
3. ¥i±N¤Ä¿ïªºµü·Jª½±µ·í§@À˯Á±ø¥ó¡AÂI¿ï¡u¤Ä¿ïµü·JÀ˯Á¡v©Î¡u¤Ä¿ïµü·J®i¶}À˯Á¡v¡A°µ¶i¤@¨B¬dÀË¡C
¡@ ±MÃD¿ïºéªA°È
1. µn¤J¨t²Î¡A¿é¤JÓ¤H±b¸¹»P±K½X¡AµM«áÂI¿ï½T©w¡C
2. ±K½X¥i©ó login «á¦Û¤v«·s³]©w¡C
3. ¶ñ¤JÓ¤H±ýÀ˯Áªº±ø¥ó¡AµM«áÂI¿ïµù¥U¡C
4. ¨t²Î·|¥ý±NÓ¤Hªº Search Profile ¥[¥H¾ã²z¡A¥¿½TµL»~´NÂI¿ï½T»{¡C¨t²Î·|³qª¾µù¥U¦¨¥\¡C
¡@ ¤åÄm¶Ç»¼ªA°È
1. ¦b¨C¤@µ§¸ê®Æ¸Ô¥ØÅã¥Üªºµe±¤W¡AÂI¿ï¹Ï¥Ü¡A·|¶}±Ò¤åÄm¶Ç»¼ªA°Èªºµn¤Jµe±¡C
2. ¥Ñ©ÒÄݳæ¦ì¨ú±o¥»¶µªA°Èªº±b¸¹»P±K½X¡A¥u¶·¦bµn¤Jµe±¤¤Áä¤J«á¡AÂI¿ïµn¤JÁä§Y¥i¥Ó½Ð¡C
3. ¨t²Î·|Àˮ֨ϥΪ̪ºÅv¡A¦XªkªÌ¨t²Î·|±N¸Óµ§¸ê®Æ®Ñ¥ØÂର¹q¤l¥Ó½Ð³æ¡C
4. ¶ñ¿ï±H¥ó¤è¦¡¡BÓ¤H¸ê®Æ¡B¥Ó½Ð³æ¦ì«á¡AÂI¿ï°e¥óÁä¡A±N¦¹¥Ó½Ð³æ¶Ç°e¦Ü±ý¥Ó½Ðªº³æ¦ì¡C
5. À]û³z¹L¤åÄm¶Ç»¼ªA°È¤l¨t²Î¡A¥i¬d¬Ý¥Ó½Ð®×¥ó³B²zª¬ºA¡A¨Ã¶i¦æ±b°ÈºÞ²z¡C
·s×q¤§É®Ñ³W«h«ì´_¡uÄòÉ¡v¥\¯à
¥»À]ɮѳW«h·~¸g×q¡A¤w©ó¤E¤Q¦~¤G¤ë¤@¤é°_¥¿¦¡¹ê¬I¡A×q«á¤§³W«h«ì´_¡uÄòÉ¡v¥\¯à¡A¯÷±NÄòɬÛÃö³W½d»¡©ú¦p¤U¡G
1. Äòɦ¸¼Æ¡G¨C¦ìŪªÌ¹ï¦P¤@¥»®Ñ¥iÄòɤ@¦¸¡C
2. Äòɱø¥ó¡G©ÒɹϮѬҥ¼¹O´Á¡B¥¼³Qáµ²°±É¡B©ÒnÄòɪº®Ñ¥¼³Q¨ä¥LŪªÌ¡u¹w¬ù¡vµ¥±ø¥ó§¡²Å¦X§Y¥i¿ì²zÄòÉ¡C
3. Äòɨì´Á¤é¡G¥HÄòÉ·í¤Ñ°_ºâ¡A¨t²Î¦Û°Êpºâ¨ì´Á¤é¡A¨ÃÅã¥Ü©óµe±¡A½Ð¦Û¦æ°O¦í·sªº¨ì´Á¤é¡C
4. Äòɤèªk¡G½Ð¦Û¦æ©ó¥»À]ºô¶¤W¿ì²zÄòÉ¡A¤è¦¡¦p¤U¡G¬d¸ßÓ¤Hɾ\°O¿ý¡÷¿é¤J©m¦W¡BÃÒ¸¹¡B±K½X¡÷ÂI¿ï¡uÅã¿m¥H¤WŪªÌ°O¿ý¡v¡÷ÂI¿ï¡u¡@¥»®Ñ¥Ø«e¤wÉ¥X¡v¡÷ÂI¿ï¡u¥þ³¡ÄòÉ¡v©Î¦b±ýÄòɪº®Ñ¤§«eÄòÉÄæÂI¿ïµù°O¡÷ÂI¿ï¡uÄòÉ¿ï¨úÀ]Âáv¡C
5. ª`·N¨Æ¶µ¡G½Ð°È¥²¦bÄòɤâÄò§¹¦¨«á¡AÀˬd¦Û¤vªºÉ¾\¬ö¿ý¡A½T©w¨ì´Á¤é¤w©µ«á¡A¦p¦]¦Û¦æ¿ì²zÄòɤâÄò¤£¥þ³y¦¨¹O´Á¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]±x¨Ì¹q¸£¬ö¿ý³B²z¡A¤£«K¤§³B©|½Ð½Ì¸Ñ¡C¦p¦³ºÃ°Ý¡A½Ð¥ß§Y¸ß°Ý¥X¯Ç¥x¤Hû¡C
ÉÁٮѹq¤l¶l¥ó³qª¾¤ÎŪªÌ¸ê®Æ
§ó§ïªA°È
¬°¦]À³¹q¤l¤ÆªÀ·|¤Î°t¦X¹Ï®ÑÀ]§@·~¦Û°Ê¤Æ¥H´£ª@®Ä²v¡A¥»À]ÉÁٮѧ@·~¬ÛÃö³qª¾³æ¤w¥þ±±Ä¥Î¹q¤l¶l¥ó¶Ç»¼¤è¦¡¨Ó§iª¾ÅªªÌ¡A±©ÅªªÌ¤§E-mail©Î¨ä¥L¸ê®Æ±`¦³§ó°Ê¡A¥¼¤Î³qª¾¥»À]¡A¥HP³y¦¨ÅªªÌªº¤@¨Ç·l¥¢¡A¬°¤è«KŪªÌÀH®É±N¨ä²§°Ê¸ê®Æ³qª¾¥»À]¡A¦Û4¤ë1¤é°_¡A©ó¥»À]ºô¶ªºÀx¾\¸ê®Æ¬d¸ß³B¼W³]¡uÉÁٮѹq¤l¶l¥ó³qª¾¤ÎŪªÌ¸ê®Æ§ó§ïªA°È¡v¡CŪªÌY»Ýn³]©w©Î§ó§ï¬y³q³qª¾³æ©Ò±HªºE-mail¦ì§}¡A©Î¬O±z¥»¨ªºÅªªÌÀɸê®Æ¦³»~¡A½Ðª½±µ¶ñ¼g¸Ó½u¤W¥Ó½Ðªí¡AÚ§Q§Ú̬°±z´£¨Ñ§Y®É§ó¥¿¤Î¹q¤l¶l¥ó³qª¾ªA°È¡C
¨t¦C®iÄý¬¡°Ê
¡u¾÷¥Ò¯«§L¡v¥DÃD®i
¥»®Õ¤u±Ð¨t¥|¦~¯Å¾÷±ñ¸s¡u¾÷¥Ò¯«§L¡v¥DÃD®i¡A¤E¤Q¦~¤G¤ë¤G¤Q¤é°_©ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤@¼Ó¤jÆU®i¥X¡A§@«~¥]¬A´_¥j¤õ¨®ÀY¡Bª÷Äݦ¨§Î¼ÉÀs¡BªOª÷¤pÀs¡Bª÷¾à³y§Î¨®¡B360«×±ÛÂà¸mª«¬[¡A¦Û°Ê¬~¦Ì¾÷¡B®ðÀ£¬û¯x§Î¹B°Ê¾÷ºc¡C¬ü¬ã©Ò²¦·~®Õ¤Í§õ°·»Ê¥ý¥Íªoµe®i¡A¤E¤Q¦~¤G¤ë¤G¤Q¤»¤é°_©ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤@¼Ó¤jÆU®i¥X¡A§@«~¥]¬AÁ¼¡B¬îÃC¡B¬õ»P°O¾Ðªº²{¶H¡B®É§Ç¡B¬G¨Æ»P¥Õ¦â¡B¾®µø¡BÃö©ó«¥Í¡B´º¶Hµ¥¡C
ªL¤¯³Ç±Ð±Â¤ô±mµe®i
¥»®Õ¬ü³N¨tªL¤¯³Ç±Ð±Â¤ô±mµe®i¡A¤T¤ë¤G¤Q¤»¤é°_©ó¤@¼Ó¤jÆU®i¥X¡A§@«~¥]¬AÄf¬M¿B¤ô·Ë¡B¤é¥X¤Ó¥¤s¡B¥ñ¬y¡B¦L¶H¶ø¸U¤j¡B¦Ë¥Û¹Ï¡B¦Ñ¦ÓÀ±°í¡B¬À·ä¥Û»P³¾¡B´M«Õ³X³Ó¡B¾lÃýµS¦s¢w¢w¤Ú¾¤ÂÂ¥«°Ï¡B¤Ö¤Fºñ·Nªº¦¨°Ïµ¥¡C§@ªÌ³z¹L²Ï¹êªº¶Ç²Îøµe§Þ¥©¡A¨Ì´`¶Ç²Îªº¡B¦@³qªº¬ü·P§PÂ_·Ç«h¨Óø»s¬J§¹¬ü¤S¯à«O¦³¥Ã«í¬ü·Pªº¤ô±mµe§@«~¡Cøµe³Ð§@¤§¯S¦â¡A«Y©ó²{¥N¥D¸q»P«á¥N¥D¸qªº«ä¿ë»PÀ³¥Î¹Lµ{¤¤²£¥Í¤¶©ó¨âªÌ¶¡ªº§é°J·»ª¡C
¤G¡³¡³¤@·s¥@¬ö¨È¤Ó¤ô±mµe®i
¸g¥Ñù¼z©ú±Ð±Â¤§¤ÞÂË¡A©ó¥|¤ë¤E¤é¶}©l¡A±N°ê¥ß¥xÆWÃÀ³N±Ð¨|À]Á|¿ìªº¡u¤G¡³¡³¤@·s¥@¬ö¨È¤Ó¤ô±mµe®i¡v§@«~¤@¦Ê¤@¤Q¦h¥ó¡AÂà¨ì¥»À]¤@¼Ó®i¥X¡AÅý¥»®Õ®v¥Í±o¥H¦@¨ÉÃÀ³NªºÅW®b¡C¥»¦¸°Ñ®iªº§@«~¡A°£§Ú°ê³Ç¥Xªº¤ô±mµe®a¥~¡A¥t¦³¨Ó¦Û¿D¤j§Q¨È¡B¯Ã¦èÄõ¡B¦L¥§¡B°¨¨Ó¦è¨È¡B·s¥[©Y¡B»´ä¡B¥H¤Î¬ü°ê®L«Â¦iµ¥¦@¤K°ê°ê®a¤Î¦a°Ïªºµe®aºë¿ïµe§@¡C¥»À]±N¨Ì°ê§O¥H¤Ó¬P´Á¤À§å¤©¥H®i¥X¡A·q½Ð¦U¥ð®vªø»YÁ{«ü¾É¡A¨ÃºÜ¸ÛÅwªï¥»®Õ¦U³æ¦ì©Ò¦³¦P¤¯¡BŪªÌ°Ñ¥[¡A¬°³o¦¸«D±`Ãø±oªºÃÀ¤å²±¨Æ¡A¦@Á¸²±Á|¡C
·s¶i¤Hû¤pÀÉ®×
²z¾Ç°|¹Ï®Ñ¤ÀÀ]¿ì¨Æû§õÂE¾§ ¡]90.2.26¨ì¾¡^
¤d©I¸U¬ß¡I§õÂE¾§¤p©j²×©ó¦b2¤ë26¤é³ø¨ì¡A±µ¤â¤ÀÀ]ªº´Á¥ZºÞ²z¤u§@¡Aµ²§ô¥b¦~¨Óªº¡uªÅµ¡´Á¡v¡C
§õ¤p©j¥Á°ê68¦~²¦·~©ó¥@¬É·s»D±M¬ì¾Ç®Õ¡]²{¥@·s¤j¾Ç¡^¹Ï®Ñ¸ê®Æ¬ì¡A81¦~¤Bµ¥¯S¦Ò¤Î®æ¡A¥ý«á¥ô¾©ó¥x¥_¥«¥ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤ÎªFµØ¤j¾Ç¡A¥Dnt³d¾\Äý°Ñ¦ÒªA°È¤Î±À¼s¤u§@¡C
өʶ}®Ôªº¦o¡A³ß¦n¬ü¹¡Aºë³q¯ù¹D¡A¥Í¬¡´g·N¦Û¦b¡A§Æ±æ¦oªº¦n©Ê±¡¡A¯à¬°¤ÀÀ]ªºªA°È§ó²K¼ö¸Û»P¿Ë¤Á·P¡C
¤å¾Ç°|^»y¨t¹Ï®Ñ«Ç²Õû³\¶²¶h¡]90.3.30¨ì¾¡^
¤å¾Ç°|^»y¨t¹Ï®Ñ«Ç¦Û¤E¤Q¦~¤T¤ë¤T¤Q¤é°_¶i¥Î¤@¦W¹Ï®ÑÀ]±M·~À]û¡X¡X³\¶²¶h¤p©j¡A³\¤p©j²¦·~©ó¥x¤j¹Ï¸ê©Ò¡A´¿¥ô¥x¤j¹Ï®ÑÀ]²Õû¡A¤w©ó¤T¤ë¤T¤Q¤é¦Ü¥|¤ë¤Q¤T¤é¦bÁ`À]¹ê²ß¦U²Õ·~°È¡Aªì¨B¤F¸Ñ¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¾ãÅ鱡ªp¡A°µ¬°ºÞ²z¨t¹Ïªº°ò ¦¡A§Æ±æ»PÁ`À]¯à±K¤Á°t¦X¡A´£¨Ñ^»y¨t®v¥Í¨}¦nªºªA°È¡A½ñ¥X¤å¤ÀÀ]±M·~ªA°Èªº²Ä¤@¨B¡C
³ß°T
´Á¥Z²Õ·¨·×«°¥ý¥Í»P½s¥Ø²ÕªLÀRªâ¤Ò°üÇ©ó90¦~3¤ë15¤é³ßÀò¤pÀs¤k¡I·s¥ôª¨ª¨º¡¤ß³ß®®¡A¯S¼¶µu¤å»P¤j®a¤À¨É¡G
³ßÀò¤dª÷¡X·s¤âª¨ª¨¤W¸ô
¤T¤ë¤¤¦¯¡A®a¤¤·s²K¤@¦ì·s¦¨û¡X¡X¤k¨à¤lß»¡A¨ä¹ê§Ú©MÀRªâ¡]¤º¤H¡^ÁöµM¦¤wpµe¦nÅý¦o¦¨¬°ª÷¤û®yªº¤k«½¨à¡A¦ý½Õ¥Öªº¦oÁÙ¬O§Ô¤£¦ín´£¦¥X¨Ó¬Ý¬Ý³o¥@¬É¡C¾¨ºÞ¤k¨à´£¦¨ì¨Ó¥O§Ú©MÀRªâ¦b³ß®®¤¤±a¨Ç¾á¼~¡A¤£¹L¥X¥Í®ÉÅ髶È2240¤½§Jªº¦o¡A¦]¬°¨Åé°·±dª¬ªp¨}¦n¡A¦bÂå°|¦í¤F¤G¤Q¾l¤é¡A¥X°|®ÉÅ髤w¹F3040¤½§J¡A³o¤~¨Ï§Ṳ́ҩdÇÃP¤F¤@¤f®ð¡A·íµM³o¤]n·PÁÂÂå°|Å@²z¤Hûªº²Ó¤ß·ÓÅU¡C
²Ä¤@¦¸©êµÛ¤lß»¤w¬O¦o¥X¥Í«áªº¨âÓ¬P´Á¡]¦]¬°¤§«e¥u¯à¹jµÛ¬Á¼þ¬Ý¤£¯à¸I¡^¡A¯u¬O¦³©êµÛ¤@¶ôÄ_ªº·Pı¡A¦]¬°©È©ê¤£¦n¦o·|±¼¤U¥h¡]³o¬O¯uªº·Pı¡^¡A©ê¤Óºò¤S·|¨Ï¦o¤£µÎªA¡A¦ý¤ß¸Ì¯uªº«Ü°ª¿³¡C¤§«á¶}©l¦³«Ü¦h·sÂA¨Æ±µ¿æ¦Ó¨Ó¡GÁý¥¤¡]·íµM¬O¥Î¥¤²~Åo¡^¡B©çÜСB´«¯È§¿¿Ç¡BÀ¿«K«K¡B¬~¾þ¾þ¡K¡K¡A³o¥i¬O·íª¨ª¨¤~¦³ªºÅéÅç¡AW¼Ö«hÀH¤H¦Ó²§¡A¹ï§Ú¨Ó»¡¬O¼Ö¦h©óW¡C³o¨ä¤¤À°¤pÄ_Ä_¬~¾þ¬O¥ó·¥¨ã¬D¾Ô©Êªº¨Æ±¡¡A¹ï±q¥¼¸g¾ú¹Lªº¤H¤×¬Æ¡A¤£«Hªº¤H¥h§äÓ¤pÄ_Ä_¨Ó¬~¬~¬Ý´Nª¾¹D¤F¡C
²{¦b§Ú¥Î¼Æ¦ì¬Û¾÷¬°³oÓ¤pÄ_¨©¼g¤é°O¡A¤@¦³¾÷·|´NÀ°¦o©ç·Ó¡AµM«á¦A©ñ¨ì¹q¸£¤W½s¸¹¦sÀÉ¡Aµ¥·Ó¤ùªº¼Æ¶q¨¬°÷®É§ÚÁÙ·Q»s§@¤@±i±MÄÝ©ó¦oªºÓ¤H¥úºÐ¡Aºâ¬O·íª¨ª¨ªº°eµ¹¦oªºÂ§ª«¡C¥Ø«e³Ì§Æ±æªº·íµM´N¬O¤lß»¥b©]¥i¥H¤£¥Î°_¨Ó³Ü¥¤¡A¥H´î¤Ö§Ṳ́ҩdǪºt¾á¡A¦AªÌ´N¬O§Ö§Öªø¤j¡A¦nÅý§ÚÌ¥i¥H±a¦o¥hµ¹¿Ë±ªB¤Í¬Ý¡A§i¶D¤j®a³o´N¬O§Ú̪ºÄ_¨©¡C
·s¤âª¨ª¨ªº·Pı¦p¦ó¡H«Ü¦h¤H°Ý§Ú³o¤@Ó°ÝÃD¡C§Ú·Q¥Í¬¡«¤ßªºÂಾ¤j·§¬O³Ì¤jªº§ïÅܧa¡I¾ãӤ߫ä¥þ©ñ¦b«Ä¤l¨¤W¡A¤ßùؼL¤WÁ`Â÷¤£¶}¦o¡A¾á¤ß³o¾á¤ß¨ºªº¡A²Ö¬O¤£¥iÁקKªº¡C°£¦¹¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¦³«Ü¦h¨Æ±¡¤]³£n¾Ç²ß¡A¤£µM¨º¤Ñ¯u¹J¤Wª¬ªp¤F¤£¤â·W¸}¶Ãªº¤~©Ç¡C
ÂÔ¥H¥»¤åÄmµ¹§Ú³Ì¿Ë·Rªº¤Ó¤ÓÀRªâ¡A¥H¤ÎÄ_¨©¤k¨à¤lß»¡C
ŪªÌ°ÝÃD¦^ÂÐ
°Ý¡G½Ð°Ý¬d¥X¨Óªº®Ñºô¶¤WÅã¥Ü»¡²¾°e¨åÂ䤨º¬Oªí¥Ü¤°»ò·N«ä¡H¤£¯à¥~ɶܡH¡]¥»®Õ¾Ç¥Í¡^
µª¡G¡§²¾°e¨åÂ䤡¨ªí¥Ü®Ñ¤w¨ìÀ]¨Ã«ØÀɤÀ½s§´·í¡A¥¿²¾°e¨åÂóæ¦ì¤¤¡]¦p¡G¥»À]¡B²z¤ÀÀ]¡B¨t©Ò¹Ï®Ñ«Ç¡K¡^¡A¤@¥¹²¾°e¦Ü¨åÂóæ¦ì¨t²Î§Y·|±Nª¬ºA§ï¬°¡§¦b¬[¤W¡¨¡A¦b¦¹´Á¶¡¡A¦p±z¦³»Ýn¡A½Ð¦ÜÁ`À]¥X¯Ç¥x¬¢¨åÂòժL¤p©j©ÎÁé¤p©j¡A©Î¹q23939740Âà103©Î104¡C
°Ý¡G§A¦n¡A§Ú¦b¤é«e¡]2/26¡^¦V¹Ï®ÑÀ]ɤF¤@¥»®Ñ¦bɮѤ£¨ì¤@¬P´Á§Y³Q¨âÓ¤H¹w¬ùɦ¹®ÑÄy¡AµM¦Ó쥻À³¸ÓÁٮѤé´Á±q3/29´£¦¨ì3/9¾ã¾ã´£¦20¤Ñ¡C§Ú¤µ¤Ñ¤~ª¾¹D¹O´Á¤@¤Ñ¡C¦Ó¥BÁÙ¨SŪ§¹¡C§Æ±æ¹Ï®ÑÀ]¤è±¯à°÷µ¹¤_µªÂСAÁÂÁ¡C¡]¥»®Õ¾Ç¥Í¡^
µª¡G¥»À]ɮѳW«h«Y¥Ñ¹Ï®ÑÀ]©eû·|¦U¨t©Ò¥Nªí¬ãij¡A¸g¦æ¬F·|ijץ¿³q¹L¡A·íªì¦b°Q½×®É¡A¥»À]§Y´¿´N¹w¬ù¡B¶ÊÁÙ©Ò¥i¯à³y¦¨ªºª§Ä³¥[¥H»¡©ú¡A±©©eûÌ»{¬°¬°¥[³t¹Ï®Ñ¸ê®Æªº¬y³q§Q¥Î¡A¤´À³«O¯d¹w¬ù¶ÊÁÙ¨î«×¡A¥BÀ³±N¶ÊÁٮɶ¡´£«e¡A¥H²ÅÀ³¬ã¨s¤Wªº»Ýn¡A±zÁöµM³Qé¹Ü¤F¥J²Ó¬ãŪªº¾÷·|©MÅv§Q¡A¦ý¤U¤@¦¸·í±z¦³»Ýn¸ê®Æªº®ÉÔ¡A«o¥i¥H¨É¨ü¨ì¨³³t¨ú±o©Ò»Ý¸ê®ÆªºªA°È¡C
°Ý¡G§Ú¬O¤u·~±Ð¨|¨t83¯Åªº®Õ¤Í¡A·íªì²¦·~¤§«á¿ì²z®Õ¤ÍÃÒɾ\¶QÀ]ªº¹Ï®Ñ¡A°O±o¿ì²zÃҥ󪺮ÉÔ¡A¦³Ãº¥æ¦n¹³¬O¤@¤d¦h¤¸ªº«OÃÒª÷¡A¦ý¬O«á¨Ó¡A¦]¬°¶Q®Õ©Ò¿×¦ÛÄw¸g¶O¤§«á¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]Åܦ¨µLªk´£¨Ñ®Õ¤Í§K¶Oɾ\¡A¿ì²z¹Ï®ÑÃÒ°£¤Fn«OÃÒª÷¤§¥~¡AÁÙn©Ò¿×ªº¦~¶O¡A¥H¦Ü©ó¡A¥»¤H¨ÃµL·NÄ@Ä~Äò¦b¶QÀ]ɾ\®ÑÄy¡A²{¦b¦³Ó°ÝÃD¡A´N¬O§Ú·Q¿ì²z°hÉ®ÑÃÒ¡A¨Ã®³¦^«OÃÒª÷¡A½Ð°Ý¿ì²zªº¤âÄò¬°¦ó¡A½Ð§iª¾¡AÁÂÁ¡I¡]¤u±Ð¨t83¯Å®Õ¤Í¡^
µª¡G¥»À]¤w¨ú®ø©Ò¿×ªº¦~¶O¨î«×¡AÅwªï±zÄ~Äò¨Ï¥Î¥»À]¸ê®Æ¡A¦pªG±zÁÙ¬O·Q°h¶O¡A½Ð©ó¤U¦C®É¶¡¡]¶g¤@¦Ü¶g¤¡@08:20-11:50¡@14:00-16:50¡^¿Ë¦Û«ùì¥ý©Ò¿ìÉ®ÑÃÒ¦ÜÁ`À]¨åÂòտì²z¡A¥un±z¥¼¦³¤í®Ñ¤í´Ú§Y¥i·í³õ¿ì²z°h¶O¡C
°Ý¡G1. ·j´M¹Ï®Ñ¦p¤£¦b·s®Ñ®i¥Ü¬[¡A½Ð°Ý¦b¬ã¨s«Ç¤¤¨º¾Ç¥Í¦p¦óɾ\¡H
2. ɮѾ÷¾¹¬O§_¦bɲĤQ¥»®Ñ®É´N¥²»Ýn¨ìÉ®ÑÂd¥x¡H¨ºµLºÃ¬O®ö¶OŪªÌ®É¶¡¡C
3. ¬Y¨Ç®ÑÄyɮѾ÷¾¹¤£¯àÉ¡A¥²»Ý¨ìɮѥx¤~¯àÉ¡I½Ð°Ý¬O®ÑÄy°ÝÃDorɮѾ÷¾¹ªº°ÝÃD¡H¡]½Ã±Ð¨t¥|¦~¯Å¡@±ç°·¬ü¡^
µª¡G1. ¥»À]¤£©w´Á·|¦Ü¬ã¨s«Ç·j´M¹Ï®Ñ¡A¦p±z½Tª¾¬Y®Ñ¦b¬Y¬ã¨s«Ç¥¼¿ìɾ\¤âÄò¡A½Ð§iª¾¥X¯Ç¥x«e¥h³B²z¡C
2. ¦¹¤@°ÝÃD¤]§xÂZ§Ú̳\¤[¡A¦]¬°¨Ã¤£¬O¨C¤@¦ìŪªÌ¦b¦Û§Uɮѿì²z®É³£¦p¦¹¡A´ú¸Õ®É¡A¦³®ÉÔ·|¡A¦³®ÉÔ¤S¤£·|¡A¥i¯à¬OÓ§OŪªÌÀÉ°ÝÃD¡A§ÚÌ·|Ä~Äò°lÂܸѨM³oÓ°ÝÃD¡C
3. ɮѾ÷¬°«Y¥Ñ¾÷¾¹§P§OɮѪº¦UºØ¥i¯àª¬ªp¡A¦]¦¹¦b³]p¤W³]¦³³\¦hÄY®æªº§P§OÃö¥d¡A¦p¡GŪªÌÃҥ󦳰ÝÃD¡BÉ®ÑÅv³Qáµ²¡BŪªÌ±ø½X¼Ò½k¡B¹Ï®Ñ±ø½X¼Ò½k©Î¤£¥¿¡B±½´y¨¤«×¤£¹ï¡B·PÀ³¤Õ¦³Âøª«¡B¥¼¶KºÏ±ø¡BºÏ±ø¤Óµu¡B¹Ï®Ñ¤Ó«p©Î¤ÓÁ¡¡B¶K¤F¨â±i¥H¤WªººÏ±ø¡B¦³¶KºÏ±ø«o¥¼¤WºÏ¡B¦Lªí¾÷¨S¯È©Î¨S¸Ë¦n¡Kµ¥¡A¬Ò·|³Q¾×¤U¦ÓµLªkɾ\¡Aª¬ªp¹ê¦b¤Ó¦h¡A«ÜÃø»¡¤@©w¬O®ÑÄy©ÎɮѾ÷ªº°ÝÃD¡C
°Ý¡GÀ˯ÁÀ]Âìd¸ß¨t²Î¡A¬d±o¡q¥v°OµûªL¡r¡A¨t²ÎÅã¥ÜÂîѦa¬°7¼Ó¡A¯Á®Ñ¸¹921.13066-327¡A¹M´M¤£µÛ«á¡A°¸µM¦b2¼Ó°Ñ¦Ò«Çµo²{³o¥»®Ñ¡C¦b¦¹¹ï©ó¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº§@·~¡A·P¨ì¬Û·í¤£º¡¡A³o¬O²³¦h¨Ò¤l¤¤ªº¤@©v¡AŪªÌ¬d¸ß®Ñ¥Ø®É¸g±`¹J¨ìªº±¡§Î¡A¬ß¹Ï®ÑÀ]¹ï©ó¨åÂéM½s¥Ø§@·~¯à¦³©Ò§ï¶i¡A¥H«K§QŪªÌ¡C¡]ªÀ±Ð¨t92¯Å¡@½²©s¶²¡^
µª¡G±z©Ò»¡ªº¸Ó®M¹Ï®Ñ¸g¥»À]¬dÃÒ¡Aªº½T®Ñ¥Ø»PÀ]Â䣲šA¥Ø«e¤w±NÀ]Âæa§ó¥¿¬°¡§¤G¼Ó°Ñ¦Ò«Ç¡¨¡AÁÂÁ±zªº«ü¥¿¡C¥»À]±N´£¿ô¬ÛÃö¦P¤¯ÁקKÃþ¦ü¿ù»~¡A¤]Åwªï±z¦A¦¸«ü¥¿¡AY¦³¥ô¦ó½s¥Ø¤è±°ÝÃD¡AÅwªï½Ð¹q¡G23939740Âà801½s¥Ø²Õ§f¥D¥ô¡AÁÂÁ¡I
°Ý¡G¦b¡]MEDLINE-OCLC FIRSTSEARCH¡^¸ê®Æ®wªº¨Ï¥Î¤W¡An¨DÁä¤J¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦WºÙ¤Î±K½X¡A¦ý¦b¸ê®Æ®wªº¨Ï¥Î¯Á¤Þ¤¤¥¼µo²{¬ÛÃö¸ê®Æ¡A¬O§_»Ýn¥Ó½Ð©O¡H©ÎªÌ¦³®Õ¤º¦P¾Ç¥i¥Îªº¤½¥Î±b¸¹¤Î±K½X¡A´Á«Ý±zªº¦^µª¡AÁÂÁ¡I¡]®a¬F¨t90¯Å¡@³\¨Ì¬Â¡^
µª¡G¥Ø«e¥»À]©Ò¨Ï¥Î¤§OCLC FirstSearch¸ê®Æ®w¤§Medline«Y¥Ñ¬ì¸ê¤¤¤ßÁʸm¨Ñ¥þ°ê¦U¤j±M®Õ°|¨Ï¥Î¡A°ò¥»¤W¤£»Ýn¿é¤J±b¸¹»P±K½X¡A¦ýY¦P®É¤W½u¤H¼Æ¶W¹L¸Ó¤¤¤ßÁʸm¤§port¼Æ¡]11Ó¡^¡Aµe±·|¥X²{¿é¤J±b¸¹»P±K½XÄæ¦ì¡A¨ÃÅã¥Ü¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¼Æ¤w¶W¹L¡A½Ð±zµy«Ý¤@·|¨à¦A³s½u¨Ï¥Î¡A©Î¾¨¶q§Q¥ÎÂ÷®p®É¬q¬dÀË¡CY±z·Q¦b®a¤¤³s½u¨Ï¥Î¡A¥i³z¹L½u¤W¥Ó½Ð¤è¦¡¨ú±o®Õ¶é¥~³s½u¤§±b¸¹»P±K½X¡A½Ð¶i¤J¥»À]ºô¶¡§¸ê®Æ®wÀ˯Á¡¨¶µ¡A¿ï¨úOCLC FirstSearch¸ê®Æ®w¡A¦AÂI¿ï¡§±b¸¹¡þ±K½X½u¤W¥Ó½Ð¡¨§Y¥i¡C
°Ý¡G½Ð¾Ç²ß¥x¤j°µªk¡A¶}©ñ¥»®Õ¾Ç¥Í¯àÄâ±aI¥]¶i¤J¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡C¡]®v¤j¤u§ÞºÓ¤@¡@¤è¤@ÂN¡^
µª¡G®Ú¾Ú¨ä¥L¹Ï®ÑÀ]ªº¸gÅç¡A¶}©ñŪªÌÄâ±a¥]¥]¤JÀ]¡Al¥Í³\¦hºÞ²z¤Wªº°ÝÃD¡A½Ñ¦pŪªÌ±a¹ª«¤JÀ]¦Y¹³y¦¨Å¼¶Ã¡A¥]¥]¦û¾Ú¾\Äý®à±¤Î®y¦ì¼vÅT¥L¤H¾\Äý¡A³\¦hŪªÌ±N¹Ï®ÑÀ]·í§@Ū®ÑÀ]¼vÅT¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥\¯à¤§µo´§¡A¿ú¥]¡B¤â¾÷¡B¬Æ¦Ü¾ãÓ¥]¥]¤´¦³³Q°½ÅѪº±¡§Îµ¥¡C°w¹ïŪªÌ¥]¥]ºÞ²z°ÝÃD¡A¸g»`¶°¬ÛÃö¸ê°T¡A¨Ã¶i¦æ¦U¶µµû¦ô¤u§@¡A¥»À]¤w©ó¤µ¦~ªì¼WÁÊ°h¹ô¦¡¦³Âê¦sª«Âd¡A§K¶O´£¨ÑŪªÌ±H©ñª««~¡C
°Ý¡G¦b¶QÀ]¬d±o¦¹®Ñ¡A·QnÉ¡A¦ý¬°¦ó¨S¦³¯Á®Ñ¸¹©O¡H·Ð½ÐµªÂÐÁÂÁ¡]±ÐºÓ¤G©P§ÓÁo¡^
§@ªÌ¡GBonhomme, Mother Mary Bernard Mother
®Ñ¦W¡GEducational implications of the philosophy of Henri Bergson
¥Xª©¶µ¡GWashington, D.C. ¡G The Catholic University of America Press, 1944
µª¡G¦¹®Ñ¬°¸m²z¤ÀÀ]¤§ÂÂÀ]ÂáA¦]¥¼¸m©ñ¬[¤W¡A¬°§KŪªÌ§xÂZ¡A¬GÁôÂÃÀ]Âøê®Æ¡A¦p±z¶·°Ñ¾\¡A½Ð¦ÜÁ`À]¥X¯Ç¥x¬¢Áé¤p©j©Î±i¥D¥ô¡C
R 451.1 033.3
¬ì§Þ^»yµü·J§Ö³t°O¾Ðªk / ¤ý¤j¤å¥D½s.-- ªìª©.--»O¥_¥« ¡G ±I¤Ñ¤å¤Æ, 1999[¥Á88].--599± ; 19¤½¤À.--ISBN 9578202245¡]¥¸Ë¡^ ¡G ·s¥x¹ô280 ¤¸
¬ì§Þ^»yªº¼Æ¶q¦h¦Ó½ÆÂø¡A¦Ó¥B³æµüªºµ²ºcªø¦ÓÃø°O¡A±q¤ÀªR³æµüªºµ²ºc¶}©l¡A¤F¸Ñ¥¦ªº«eºó¡Bµü®Ú©M«áºóªºÃö«Y¡A´N¯à§Ö³t¦³®Ä¦a°O¾Ðµü·J¡C
¥»®Ñªº«n¯SÂI©MÀuÂI´N¦b©ó¡G¥¦¼Ò¥éªFº~¤å¦r¾Ç®a³\·V¦b¡i»¡¤å¸Ñ¦r¡j¤@®Ñ¤¤©Ò¹B¥Îªº¡u¤ÀªR¦r§Î¡v¡B¡u¸ÑÄÀµü¸q¡vªº¤èªk¡A±N4000ºØ¬ì§Þ^»y±`¥Îµü¡]¨äÂл\²v¬°95¢H¡^«ö¦r¥À¶¶§Ç³v¦r¡u¸Ñå¡v¡A«ü¥X«eºó¡Bµü®Ú©M«áºó¡F»¡©úµü¸qªº§Î¦¨¡A¤Þ¦ù©MÂàÂÇ¡C¤j¦h¼Æ³æµüÁÙ§ãn¦aÄÄz¤F¥¦ªº²W·½¡A°µ¨ì¤F¬J¦³Â²³æªº¡u¸Ñ¦r¡v¡A¤S¦³¥²nªº¡u»¡¤å¡v¡C
¥»®Ñ¤À¬ì§Þ^»yºcµüªk·§»¡¡B±`¥Îµü»¡¤å¸Ñ¦r¡Bµü®Ú¡A¦P®Úµüªºl¥Í¦r©M½Æ¦X¦r¡B±`¥Î«eºó¡B«áºó¤Î¨ä¥Îªkµ¥¥|³¡¤À¡A®Ñ¥½ªþ¦³±`¥Î«eºó¡B±`¥Î«áºó¤Î¨ä¥Îªk¡A¥»®Ñ¥B¨ã¦³¤p«¬¡uºcµüµü¨å¡v©M¡u¦P®Úµüµü¨å¡v©Ê¯à¡A«K©óŪªÌÀH®É¬d¾\¡C
R 973.003 F221
The American Heritage encyclopedia of American history / John Mack Faragher.--New York : H. Holt, 1998 .--1106 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.--ISBN 0805044388 ¡]alk. paper¡^ ¡G·s¥x¹ô1350 ¤¸
The American Heritage encyclopedia of American history¬Oªñ¤T¤Q¦~¨Ó²Ä¤@¥»³æ¥Uµo¦æ¦³Ãö¬ü°ê¾ú¥vªº¦Ê¬ì¥þ®Ñ,¦¬¿ýªñ3000±ø´Ú¥Ø¡A²[»\¦³Ãö¬ü°ê¬F©²¡Bªk«ß¡B¸gÀÙ¡B±Ð¨|¡B©v±Ð¡B¤å¤Æªº¾ú¥v¡F¦³Ãö¬ü°ê°ü¤k¡B«D¸Ç¬ü¤H¡B¬ü°ê¥»¤g¦L¦a¦w¤Hµ¥¦U¤HºØªº¾ú¥v¡A¤Î¤d¾l±ø¥]¬A¬ü°ê¾ú¥ô°ªµ¥ªk°|ªk©x¡B¿W¥ß«Å¨¥ªºÃ±¸pªÌ¡B¤Î¤@¨ÇÅé¨|¡B¤å¾Ç¡B¤å¤Æµ¥ª¾¦W¤H¤hªº¶Ç°O¸ê®Æ¡A¥»®Ñ¦P®É¦¬¿ý¤F400±i¶Â¥Õ¹Ï®×¡B·Ó¤ù¡B¦a¹Ï¤Î¾ú¥ô¬ü°êÁ`²Î¨v¹³¡A§ó¦³¸Ô²Óªº°Ñ¨£¤Î¯Á¤Þ¡A¤è«KŪªÌ¬Û¤¬°Ñ¦Ò¬d¸ß¡C
¤G¤ë¤G¤Q¤T¤é
¤U¤È2:00»´ä°Ñ³X¹Î»YÁ{¥»À]°ÑÆ[¡C
¤G¤ë¤G¤Q¤»¤é
¤W¤È10:00¡A±Ð¨|½×¤å½u¤W¸ê®Æ®w¡]EdD Online¡^µoªí·|¡A²®Õªø¥D«ù¡A¹Ï®ÑÀ]¬É¥H¤Î±Ð¨|¬É¤H¤h¼ö¯P°Ñ»P¡A¶êº¡¦¨¥\¡C
¤T¤ë¤G¤é
¤U¤È2:00¡A°²Á`À]¤K¼Ó·|ij«ÇÁ|¿ì¡u¥|®w¥þ®Ñ¦w¸Ë¤Î¨Ï¥Î»¡©ú·|¡v¡A¬°¤å¾Ç°|±Ð±ÂÁ¿²ß¡u¤å²W»Õ¥|®w¥þ®Ñ¡vºô¸ôª©¹q¤l¥þ¤åÀ˯Á¥H¤Î¨Ï¥Î³nÅé¦w¸Ë¡Ap¦³¤Q¦h¦ì±Ð±Â°Ñ¥[¡A³£·P¨ì«D±`º¡·N¡A»{¬°¬O¤@ӫܦ³®Ä²vªºªv¾Ç¤u¨ã¡C
¤T¤ë¤T¤é¦Ü¤T¤ë¤Q¤@¤é
±çÀ]ªøº[±Ä¿ý²Õ±i¥D¥ô®ü¿P¨üÁÜ°Ñ¥[OCLC¬ü°ê¬ã¨s¹Ï®ÑÀ]À]ªø¦~·|¡Aº[¨È¤Ó¦a°Ï¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¬ã°Q·|¡A·|¤¤±çÀ]ªø°w¹ï¸ê·½¦@¨Éµ¦²¤¡A¥H¥»À]¤§¸gÅç´£¥X³ø§i¡AÀò±o»P·|ªÌ«Ü¤jªº°jÅT¡C
¤T¤ë¤Q¤T¤é
¤W¤È9:00¡A©ó¥»®Õ¦æ¬F¤j¼Ó²Ä¤@·|ij«Ç¡A¥l¶}¤K¤Q¤E¾Ç¦~«×®v¸ê°ö¨|¾÷ºc³Xµû¥»®Õ¦Ûµû©eû·|²Ä¤G¦¸·|ij¡A°w¹ï¦U³æ¦ì´£¨Ñ¤§¸ê®Æ¶i¦æ°Q½×¡C
¤T¤ë¤Q¤¤é
¤U¤È3¡G40¡A»´äªFµØ¤T°|¤p¾Ç®Õªø¥xÆW±Ð¨|¦Ò¹î¹Î§d®ÕªøÛC§g¤@¦æ¤Q¤@¤H»YÁ{¥»À]°ÑÆ[³X°Ý¡C
¤T¤ë¤Q¤E¤é
¤U¤È2:45¤j³°¥_¨Ê¡B¿ñ¹ç¡B¥|¤t±Ð¨|³X°Ý¹ÎJ®Õªø§@¤å¤@¦æ¤Q¤E¤H»YÁ{¥»À]°ÑÆ[³X°Ý¡C
¤T¤ë¤G¤Q¤é
¥»À]ÁܽЮȬü¾ÇªÌ§õµØ°¶³Õ¤h»YÁ{¥»À]«ü¾É¡A¨Ã©ó¤U¤È2:30¦Ü4:30°²¥»®Õºî¦X¤j¼Ó¤¡³¤E°ê»Ú·|ijÆUÁ|¿ì¤@³õ±MÃDºtÁ¿¡AÁ¿ÃD¬°¡G¡uª¾ÃѺ޲z¡B¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡A¤Î±Ð¨|²·s¡v¡C
¤T¤ë¤G¤Q¤@¤é
¤W¤È10:00¥l¶}¥DºÞ·|³ø¡A·|ij«ÂI°Q½×¥»¦~«×±Ð¨|³¡¸É§U¦U®v½d®Õ°|Â૬pµe¡A¥»À]pµe´£¥X¾Ç¦ì½×¤åÀ˯Á¨t²Î«Ø¸m¡AEd DÂX®i¤è®×¡A¥H¤Î¼Æ¦ì¤Æ¸ê·½ªA°È±À®ipµeµ¥¶µ¥Ø¡C
¤T¤ë¤G¤Q¤E¤é
¥»À]±Ð¨|½×¤å½u¤W¸ê®Æ®w¦¨¥ß¤u§@¤p²Õ¦¨û¬°±çÀ]ªø¡B³¢¯µ®Ñ¡B³¯²Õªø±Ó¬Ã¡B¬x²Õªø¥@©÷¡B³¯½s¼f²Q¿P¡B³\½s¼fáp´@¡B±iÞ³øʤp©j¡A¦@¦P³Wµe±Ð¨|½×¤å½u¤W¸ê®Æ®w¬ÛÃö¨Æ©y¡C
¥|¤ë¤»¤é
¥»À]Áܽоð¼w¬ì§Þ¤j¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]±iÀ]ªø®x°ê¨Ó³X¡A¨Ã©ó¤W¤È10:30¦Ü12:00°²Á`À]¤K¼Ó·|ij«Ç¡A¶i¦æ¤@³õ±MÃDºtÁ¿¡AÁ¿ÃD¬°¡u¹Ï®Ñ»P¸ê°TªA°È¤§ºtÅÜ¡G±q³¬¬[¨ìe-reference¡v¡C
¥|¤ë¤Q¤é
¤U¤È3:00-4:00¥l¶}¥»À]½s¼f·|ij¡A±çÀ]ªø¹ï©ó½s¼f̽s¿èÀ]°Tªºªí²{µ¹¤©°ª«×ªÖ©w¡A«jÀy½s¼f¦bÓ¤H·~°È¤Wn¦³«H¤ß¡Aµo´§¼ç¯à¡C
¤U¤È4:00¡A»´ä±Ð¨|¾Ç°|¡u¥xÆWÅéÅç¥æ¬y¹Î¡v¨Ó³X¡A5:00¡Ð5:30°²Á`À]¤K¼Ó·|ij«Ç¥Ñ¥»À]±çÀ]ªø¥D«ù¶i¦æ®y½Í¡C
¥|¤ë¤Q¤T¤é
¤U¤È2:30¡AÁܽХ»®Õ¬ü³N¨tªL¤¯³Ç±Ð±Â¦ÜÀ]ºtÁ¿¡AÁ¿ÃD¬°¡G¡u¬Ý¡B½Í¡Bµe¤ô±m¡X¡X¤ô±mµe³Ð§@»PŲ½àªº¤¬°Ê¤ß²z±´¨s¡v¡A¨Ã·í³õ´§µ§¥Ü½d¡A¥þÀ]¦P¤¯¦bª¾ÃÑÀô¹Ò¤¤§ó·P¨ü¨ì¬üªºª^³ò¡C