主題分類
領導 Leadership
民主法治是民有和民治的，如同其他政治形式， 需要偉大的領袖們。不論是戰爭或和平，在國家最緊要的關頭中，美國一直幸運地擁有領導者們挺身迎接挑戰。美國的領導地位不受貴族和富人壟斷，而是個人，那些出身寒微且肯為國家犧牲的人來領導。
要用一篇詳盡的目錄含括所有美國領導人們是不可能的，而 「美國描繪展」選用一些圖像試圖呈現一小部分。照片、繪畫和雕塑都記錄並傳達這些偉大美國人故事的關鍵細節，並提供機會去了解更多塑造美國的相關人物和事件。
Democratic rule of and by the people, no less than any other form of government, calls for great leaders. In war and peace, America has been blessed with leaders who have risen to meet the challenges of our nation’s most defining moments. American leadership is not marked by nobility or riches, but individuals, many of humble beginnings, who were willing to make sacrifices for their country.
An exhaustive catalogue of American leaders in impossible, but Picturing America incorporates images of a select few. Photographs, paintings, and sculptures each capture and convey crucial details from the stories of these great Americans and provide and opportunity to learn more about the people and events that have shaped our country.
[相關展品]
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2a. 銀匠保羅列維爾（PAUL REVERE）by JOHN SINGLETON COPLEY (卡普利), 1768。
油彩‧畫布，89.22 x 72.39公分。© 波士頓美術館
Oil on canvas, 89.22x72.39 cm (35 1/8 x 28 . in.). © Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.象徵新世界民主理想的平民肖像畫，以銀匠而非民族英雄的面貌呈現，仍完整描繪出美國革命志士保羅列維爾的機智與勇氣。
This portrait depicts Paul Revere as a working craftsman, not a hero.
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3a. 羅列維爾著名夜奔（MIDNIGHT RIDE OF PAUL REVERE）by Grant Wood, 1931
油彩‧纖維板，高：76.2公分，寬101.6公分（76.2 x 101.6公分）。© 大都會博物館。
Oil on Masonite; H. 30, W. 40 in. (76.2 x 101.6 cm). © The Metropolitan Museum of Art.這幅鳥瞰列維爾著名夜奔圖，以鄉野奇譚式的童趣筆法重新詮釋朗法羅名詩。畫家為保存珍貴歷史、塑造美國風格、培養國家認同而畫。
The bird’s-eye-view of Revere’s legendary ride offers a whimsical, child-like interpretation of Longfellow’s well-known poem. The artist’s desire to preserve American folklore was part of his greater scheme to forge a national identity through art and history.
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3b. 喬治華盛頓立像（GEORGE WASHINGTON）by Gilbert Stuart, 1796
油彩‧畫布，247.6 x 158.7公分。2008史密森尼博物館、國家肖像藝廊提供
Oil on canvas, 97 1/2 x 62 1/2 in. (247.6 x 158.7 cm.).© 2008 Smithsonian Institution, Courtesy, National Portrait Gallery.衣著平實無假髮，他不是國王，而是平等之國的公民。
The U.S. president was not a king, but a citizen of a land where all men were created equal.
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4a. 華盛頓橫越德拉瓦河（WT CROSSING THE DELAWARE）by Emanuel Leutze, 1851
油彩‧畫布，378.5 x 647.7公分，© 大都會博物館。
Oil on canvas; 149 x 255 in. (378.5 x 647.7 cm). © The Metropolitan Museum of Art.紐約戰敗，英軍窮追不捨，華盛頓取道紐澤西退至賓州。撤退途經德拉瓦河，他靈機一動包下所有渡船，讓河面無船可渡。英軍將領自認勝利在望，遂計畫河水結冰後再行追討，便胸有成竹回紐約過聖誕，僅留傭兵駐守河岸。華盛頓心想機不可失，隨即掉頭重回德拉瓦，在冰天雪地中到達對岸，一舉殲滅正在歡度聖誕的英軍。此役雖非大勝，然士氣從此為之一振，最終改寫歷史。
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4b. 富蘭克林石雕（BENJAMIN FRANKLIN）by HIRAM POWERS, 1862
大理石，高：247.7 公分，寬：88.6 公分，深：54.9 公分（247.7 x 88.6 x 54.9 公分），美國參議院收藏。
Marble, height 97 1/2 in., width 34 7/8 in., depth 21 5/8 in. (247.7 x 88.6 x 54.9 cm.). U.S. Senate Collection.大於真實尺寸的全身大理石像，主角穿當時衣著，為自然主義而非古典風格之作品。
This larger-than-life-sized marble statue has a naturalistic style.
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9b. 美國總統亞伯罕林肯（ABRAHAM LINCOLN）by ALEX GARDNER, 1865
攝於1865年4月10日，照片。印刷與照片部門，國會圖書館，華盛頓特區。
Photographic print. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.詩人惠特曼形容林肯總是懷著「隱隱的憂傷」。
What draws/holds our attention is Lincoln ’s expression, “a deep latent sadness” in Walt Whitman’s words.
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10a. 羅伯特古德蕭將軍與第五十四兵團紀念雕像（ROBERT SHAW MEMORIAL）by SAINT-GAUDENS, 1884
燈塔街與公園街，波士頓，麻州，西元1884年~1897年。銅，3.35 x 4.27公尺。照片由凱洛海史密斯提供。
Beacon and Park Streets, Boston, MA, 1884–1897. Bronze, 11 x 14 ft. (3.35 x 4.27 m.). Photograph courtesy of Carol M. Highsmith.波士頓公眾花園的蕭上校紀念碑描述了一個英勇、盪氣迴腸的故事 - 南北戰爭期間，北軍白人上校徵召第一支黑人部隊「五四梯隊」，進行一場明知不可而為之的光榮戰役。
The Shaw Memorial depicts a resonant, courageous act of the Civil War, in which the first regiment of African American soldiers recruited for the Union Army fought a doomed battle on a South Carolina fortress.
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19b. 1965年塞爾馬到蒙哥馬利投票權遊行（MARCH FOR VOTING RIGHTS）by JAMES KARALES, 1965
照片，收藏於詹姆斯卡拉列斯收藏系列，杜克大學稀有書籍、手抄本和特別收藏圖書館。
Photographic print. Located in the James Karales Collection, Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke University.兩萬多名群眾展開連續四天爭取投票權大遊行。此照傳達對自由的渴望，成為民權運動的時代見證，歷經半世紀依舊迴盪人心。
On March 25, 1965, 25,000 participants concluded a four-day, 54-mile march for voting rights in Alabama. Karales’s photograph illustrates how the desire for freedom is the shared heritage of all Americans. It also captures a timeless image from a fleeting moment - one that still haunts the American conscience.
