Accroding to the definition of Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI), open access means "its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited."
As scholarly communication evolves, there are different types of OA publishing models. Two main models are "Gold OA" and "Green OA". The Gold OA and Green OA briefing introductions are as follows:
Gold OA is an in-time OA publishing model that allows users to access the full text of any article from the public web as soon as the issue is published. Journals that adopt Gold OA as their publishing model are called Open Access Journal (OAJ). Authors submitting to OAJ are asked to pay an Article Processing Charge (APC) to offset the cost of publication. Be aware, however, that under the guise of open access, predatory journals lure authors into submitting manuscripts with information about rapid publication, fictitious journal impact metrics or editorial teams.
What we have done at NTNU Library: Supports for Article Processing Charges
Hybrid OA model means that some of the articles in a journal title are published under the OA model, while the others are published under the traditional model. In the case of hybrid OA journals, a two-part tariff issue emerges when OA articles are subject to APC charges from authors, while traditional articles incur subscription fees paid by libraries or readers. To address the problem, publishers have been developing transformative agreement such as R&P (Read and Publish) or P&R (Publish and Read).
What we have done at NTNU Library: Supports for Article Processing Charges
Green OA is known as self-archiving, which means that articles are stored by authors or libraries on authors' personal websites, institutional repositories or other open access repositories for preservation. In addition to post-print articles, some authors choose to deposit pre-print versions. However, be aware of the publishing policy on whether or not there are standards for archiving.
What we have done at NTNU Library: Institutional Repository
Open Access is free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.
An Open Access Publication is one that meets the following two conditions:
(1) The author(s) and copyright holder(s) grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship, as well as the right to make small numbers of printed copies for their personal use.
(2) A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that seeks to enable open access, unrestricted distribution, interoperability, and long-term archiving.
Establishing open access as a worthwhile procedure ideally requires the active commitment of each and every individual producer of scientific knowledge and holder of cultural heritage. Open access contributions include original scientific research results, raw data and metadata, source materials, digital representations of pictorial and graphical materials and scholarly multimedia material.